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Understanding the Muscles of the Lower Leg: Compartmentalization and Function

This lecture explores the anatomy of the muscles in the lower leg, which are divided by fascia into three compartments: anterior, posterior, and lateral. Key movements such as dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion are reviewed. The anterior compartment comprises the extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, and tibialis anterior, responsible for dorsiflexion and inversion. The posterior compartment includes the gastrocnemius and soleus, which facilitate plantarflexion. Lastly, the lateral compartment features the fibularis longus and brevis, which evert and plantarflex the foot.

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Understanding the Muscles of the Lower Leg: Compartmentalization and Function

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  1. LIF101Anatomy Lecture 13: Muscles of the Lower Leg

  2. Muscles of the Lower Leg • Divided by fascia into three compartments: • Anterior compartment • Posterior compartment • Lateral compartment

  3. Review of Foot Movements • Dorsiflexion (toes pointing up) • Plantarflexion (toes pointing down) • Inversion (sole of foot facing medially) • Eversion (sole of foot facing laterally)

  4. Muscles of the Anterior Compartment • Extensor digitorum longus • Extends toes 2 – 5 • Extensor hallicus longus • Extends big toe • Tibialis anterior • Dorsiflexes foot; inverts foot • Is apparent on surface when foot is dorsiflexed

  5. Other Structures of the Anterior Compartment • Tendons of • extensor digitorum longus • extensor hallicus longus • tibialis anterior • Retinacula

  6. Muscles of the Posterior Compartment • Gastrocnemius (lateral and medial heads) • Soleus (runs beneath gastrocnemius) • Both of these plantarflex and invert the foot. • Other structures: • Calcaneal (achilles’) tendon • Retinaculum

  7. Muscles of the Lateral Compartment • Fibularis (a.k.a. peroneus) longus • Fibularis (a.k.a. peroneus) brevis • Both of these evert and plantarflex the foot. • Other structures: • Distal tendons of peroneus muscles (wrap behind lateral malleolus

  8. Other Observations • Vastus medialis extends more distally than vastus lateralus • Calf is higher on outside; lower and rounder inside • Medial malleolus is higher than lateral malleolus

  9. Other Observations • Thigh muscles are more prominent anteriorly • Lower leg muscles are more prominent posteriorly

  10. Anatomical Landmarks(Lower Leg) • Tibialis anterior (just lateral to anterior crest of tibia) • Tendon of tibialis anterior • Tendon of extensor digitorum longus • Tendons of extensor hallicus longus (sometimes) • Calcaneal tendon • Fibularis longus and brevis tendons

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