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Anatomy

Anatomy. Chapter 1 Introduction to concepts. 5 Basic Functions of Life A. Reproduction B.Responsiveness C. Growth D.Movement and Metabolism. What is anatomy? It is the study of the internal and external structure of the body, and the physical relationships among body parts.

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Anatomy

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  1. Anatomy Chapter 1 Introduction to concepts

  2. 5 Basic Functions of Life A. Reproduction B.Responsiveness C. Growth D.Movement and Metabolism What is anatomy? It is the study of the internal and external structure of the body, and the physical relationships among body parts The Science of Anatomy and Physiology

  3. What is Physiology? • It is the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions

  4. Considers the unseen Divided into two areas A. Cytology-study of cells B. Histology-study of tissues Gross anatomy-the seen A. Surface anatomy-form and superficial marking B. Regional anatomy C. Systemic anatomy-OS Microscopic vs Macroscopic

  5. Human Physiology • 4 areas • A. Cell physiology • B. Special physiology • C. System physiology • D. Pathological physiology or pathology

  6. 6 levels A. Chemical or Molecular level B. Cellular level C. Tissue level D. Organ level E. Organ system level F. Organism level Levels of Organization

  7. Organ System • 11 organ systems • You will need to know the name of the organ system, the major function and the amount of organs in the system

  8. Integumentary system • Protection from environment and temperature control • 5 organs

  9. Muscular System • Locomotion, • Support • Heat production • 1 organ

  10. Skeletal System • Support • Protection • Makes blood cells • 2 organs

  11. Nervous System • Directing immediate response to stimuli • 2 organs

  12. Endocrine Systems • Directing long term changes to other organ systems • 9 organs

  13. Cardiovascular System • Internal transport of cells • 3 organs

  14. Lymphatic System • Defense against infection and disease • 4 organs

  15. Respiratory system • Delivery of air to sites where gas exchange can occur • 6 organs

  16. Digestive System • Processing of food and absorption of nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water • 9 organs

  17. Urinary System • Elimination of excess water, cells, and waste products • 4 organs

  18. Male Reproductive System • Production of sex cells and hormones • 3 organs

  19. Female Reproductive System • Production of sex cells and hormones • 6 organs

  20. Language of Anatomy • Surface Anatomy • Supine vs Prone

  21. Regions of the Human Body • Table 1-1

  22. 1. Anterior 2. Ventral 3. Posterior 4. Dorsal 5. Cranial or Cephalic 6. Superior 1. The front; before 2. The belly side = anterior 3. The back;behind 4. The back= posterior 5. The head 6. Above; at the highest level Directional Terms of the Body

  23. 7. Caudal 8. Inferior 9. Medial 10. Lateral 7. The tail 8. Below: at a lower level 9. Toward the body’s longitudinal axis 10. Away from the body’s longitudinal axis Directional Terms (cont)

  24. 11. Proximal 12. Distal 13. Superficial 14. Deep 11. Toward an attached base 12. Away from an attached base 13. At, near or relatively close to the body surface 14. Farther from body surface Directional Terms (cont)

  25. Anatomical regions • 4 abdominal pelvic quadrants • URQ • LRQ • ULQ • LRQ

  26. Sectional Anatomy • Transverse plane- lies at right angles to the long axis of the body dividing it into superior and inferior sections aka horizontal section or a cross section. • Frontal plane- aka coronal plane parallels the long axis of the body divides body into anterior and posterior sections

  27. Sectional Anatomy • Saggital plane- divides body into left and right sections also parallels the long axis of the body

  28. Body Cavities • Two functions • Dorsal body cavities- cranium(cranial cavity) and spinal cord (spinal cavity • Ventral body cavities- 2 parts

  29. Negative feedback Positive feedback Homeostatis

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