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Western Movement

Western Movement. SOL 8a. New technologies, innovations, and government policies led to a new wave of internal and international migration and growth. Western Movement

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Western Movement

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  1. Western Movement SOL 8a

  2. New technologies, innovations, and government policies led to a new wave of internal and international migration and growth. Western Movement • Following the Civil War, the westward movement of settlers intensified in the vast region between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean • Many Americans had to rebuild their lives after the Civil War. They responded to the incentive of free public land and moved west to take advantage of the Homestead Act of 1862, which gave free public land in the western territories to settlers who would live on and farm the land. • Southerners, including African Americans in particular, moved west to seek new opportunities after the Civil War.

  3. New Technologies • New technologies: • railroads • Telegraph • Telephone • mechanical reaper opened new lands in the West for settlement and made farming profitable by increasing the efficiency of production and linking resources and markets.

  4. Transportation • The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad soon after the war ended intensified the westward movement of settlers into the states between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean. • Labor for the transcontinental railroad depended upon cheap labor. Irish and Chinese workers made up the bulk of the labor force. • By the turn of the century, the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains regions of the American West were no longer a mostly unsettled frontier, but were fast becoming regions of: • farms • Ranches • towns.

  5. Cowboys • The years immediately before and after the Civil War were the era of the American cowboy, marked by long cattle drives for hundreds of miles over unfenced open land in the West, which was the only way to get cattle to market

  6. Conflict With American Indians • This growth, while positive for some, resulted in more displacement for American Indians. • The forcible removal of the American Indians from their lands continued throughout the remainder of the nineteenth century as settlers continued to move west following the Civil War.

  7. By the 1860s, the US government intensified its reservation policy. All American Indians, regard-less of what tribe they belonged, were expected to live only on reservations. This resulted in an on-again, off-again war between the US army and native tribes. • Battles • Little Bighorn • Wounded Knee

  8. Dawes Act • Gave land to any Indian that would act white • Those who refused would have their children taken away to schools where they would be forced to assimilate.

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