1. Submitted By ANJANA RAJ English Optional

2. SEMINARTopic: LISTENING SKILLS

3. INTRODUCTION Listening may be defined as one act of receiving oral language. Basic listening skills include auditory acquity and auditory discrimination.Listening activity includes listening to stories and poetry,to reports and talks,and to conversations and discussions.Listening can notes attention,discrimination and an intellectual attempt to comprehend.Speaking will be much easier, if one has a strong base in the listening skill.

4. COMPONENTS OF LISTENING • Recognizing the english speech sounds in isolation as well as in combination. • Distinguishing such sounds from similar sounds in his mother tongue. • Understanding the lexical meaning of words in context and understanding the grammatical meaning of structures • Understanding the meaning conveyed by stress and intonation patterns • Guessing the meaning of an unfamiliar word from the context

5. Objectives To develop the ability to listen for: general information specific information cultural interest of speaker attitude and opinions organization of ideas sequence of events lexical items functional items

6. SUB-SKILLS • Predictive skills • Extracting specific information • General comprehension • Inferring • Deducing meaning

7. How to develop Listening skill? • Look for at least a piece of information new to you • Reduce physical disturbances • Listen with an over-all idea of the topic • Be alert and note down key points and try to summarise • Ask for clarifications towards the closure

8. STAGES IN LISTENING The five stages in the process of Listening can be • Lead in : To arouse interest in the subject matter,the teacher prepares students for the task and makes them familiar with the topic. • Teacher’s Direction: Teacher explains and directs the purpose for listening • Student’s Listening: Students listen to the text for doing tasks given by the teacher • Feed back: Teacher helps the students check the task and find out how well they have done it, • Follow up: As follow-up a text-related task can be given

9. TYPES OF LISTENING Intensive listening Extensive listening

10. Types of Listening Materials • Authentic text: Generally , authentic texts are designed for native-speakers • Non-authentic text: It is for language students and is prepared under the assumption that beginner students will not properly be able to handle authentic text • Recorded Material : A disembodied voice is more difficult for a foreign learner to follow.But there are so many merits for a recorded piece.

11. CAUSES OF DEFECTIVE LEARNING Poor vocabulary Inability to maintain attention Inability to understand pronunciation Inability to understand fast speech Inability to understand against background noise

12. CONCLUSION Students usually find it more difficult to listen to ataped dialogue than to read the written material. He may be able to express himself orally,but will find it difficult to understand what said to him.Listening is considered to be a receptive skill but not passive.The listener is actively involved in this process,but is at the receiving end.The difficulty is mainly because of varied media to which the listener has to attend ,perceive and understand the idea.The listener must have acquaintance with a variety of spoken forms also.

13. Reference • English language education- Dr.K.Sivarajan,T.VRamakrishnan,K.Mridula • “Learning Disabilities,Characteristics, Identification and Teaching Strategies”-Bender W.N[1995],Boston-Allyn and Bacon

14. Thank You