1. Biology Review Answers Semester 1

2. Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed to staple a set of papers). Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an hour, Smithers counts how many stacks of papers each group has made. Group A made 1,587 stacks, Group B made 2,113 stacks. What is the IV? the special juice (What “I change” between the groups) What is the DV? number of stacks of paper stapled (What is measured or observed) If the amount of special juice is increased, then productivity will increase. If… IV…, then….DV….. (tell if you will increase or decrease the IV + tell if DV will increase or decrease) What is Smithers’ hypothesis?

3. Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed to staple a set of papers). Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an hour, Smithers counts how many stacks of papers each group has made. Group A made 1,587 stacks, Group B made 2,113 stacks. What is the control group? Group B – the one with no juice (the one without the treatment – the one used for comparison) What is the experimental group? Group A – the one with special juice (the one that gets the treatment you are testing) What should Smithers’ conclusion be? The data does not support his hypothesis. The juice did NOT increase productivity as measured by staple speed. The control group stapled 526 more stacks than the experimental group. (Tell if it supports the hypothesis, what the conclusion is and what evidence (data) shows this.)

4. Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed to staple a set of papers). Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an hour, Smithers counts how many stacks of papers each group has made. Group A made 1,587 stacks, Group B made 2,113 stacks. What were two constants? Size of group Task assigned (kept the same in control group and experimental group)

5. 8. Which of these is a plant cell? Which is an animal cell? 9. Compare & contrast plant and animal cell structures – include at least 6 cell parts. Four contrasts shown below. Animal Cell Plant Cell centriole large central vacuole chloroplast cell wall

6. 9. Compare & contrast plant and animal cell structures – include at least 6 cell parts. Comparisons (similarities) shown here mitochondria mitochondrion ER Nucleolus Nucleolus ER Golgi body Ribosomes Golgi body Ribosomes

7. 10. What is wrong with this graph? No title

8. 11. What is wrong with this graph? uneven spacing on the x axis (3 squares = 5°C, 10°C and 7°C)

9. 12. What is wrong with this graph? Y axis is not labeled Year

10. 13. What is wrong with this graph? Do NOT add lines/spaces!!!

11. 14. What is wrong with this graph? Do NOT extrapolate = Do NOT extend line beyond the data points! °

12. Substrate Substrate 15. Label the parts (A-F) of the enzyme reaction shown below. Then answer questions G – I Product D E E-S Complex C F Enzyme Enzyme G. Model? H. What does this model tell us about enzymes? I. Reaction Type? Lock and Key They are specific (must fit their substrate). Synthesis / Condensation

13. 16. Label the parts (1-6) of the enzyme reaction shown below. Then answer questions 7 - 9 Product Product 1 Substrate 3 4 5 E-S Complex 2 6 Enzyme Enzyme 7. Model? 8. Reaction Type? 9. What role do enzymes play in organisms? Lock and Key Decomposition They speed up chemical reactions.

14. Bart believes that mice exposed to microwaves will become extra strong (maybe he's been reading too much Radioactive Man). He decides to perform this experiment by placing 10 mice in a microwave for 10 seconds. He compared these 10 mice to another 10 mice that had not been exposed. His test consisted of a heavy block of wood that blocked the mouse food. He found that 8 out of 10 of the microwaved mice were able to push the block away. 7 out of 10 of the non-microwaved mice were able to do the same. amount of microwaves (0-10 sec) (What “I change” between the groups) strength of mice (if they can move block of wood) (What is measured or observed) What is the IV? What is the DV? What is Bart’s hypothesis? If the amount of microwaves is increased, then strength will increase. If… IV…, then….DV….. (tell if you will increase or decrease the IV + tell if DV will increase or decrease)

15. Bart believes that mice exposed to microwaves will become extra strong (maybe he's been reading too much Radioactive Man). He decides to perform this experiment by placing 10 mice in a microwave for 10 seconds. He compared these 10 mice to another 10 mice that had not been exposed. His test consisted of a heavy block of wood that blocked the mouse food. He found that 8 out of 10 of the microwaved mice were able to push the block away. 7 out of 10 of the non-microwaved mice were able to do the same. What is the control group? The mice with no microwaves What is the experimental group? The mice that were microwaved What should Bart’s conclusion be? The data does not support his hypothesis. The microwaves did NOT increase strength of the mice. Almost the same number of mice from the control group (7/10) moved the block as from the experimental group (8/10). (Tell if it supports the hypothesis, what the conclusion is and what evidence (data) shows this.)

16. Bart believes that mice exposed to microwaves will become extra strong (maybe he's been reading too much Radioactive Man). He decides to perform this experiment by placing 10 mice in a microwave for 10 seconds. He compared these 10 mice to another 10 mice that had not been exposed. His test consisted of a heavy block of wood that blocked the mouse food. He found that 8 out of 10 of the microwaved mice were able to push the block away. 7 out of 10 of the non-microwaved mice were able to do the same. List could include: Age of mice (1 month old), Type of mice (lab stock B), Amount of food for mice (3 oz per day), Type of food given mice (Purina mouse chow), etc. List three variables that should be kept constant. Should NOT include: time microwaved/amount of microwaves (the IV) or strength of mice (the DV)

17. Ethylene is a plant hormone that causes fruit to ripen. My uncle plans to spray his apple orchards with ethylene to see if it really has an effect. 24. Write a hypothesis for this experiment. If amount of ethylene sprayed on orchards is increased, then apples will ripen in fewer days.

18. Final Review – Life Cycles 25. Three times Mitosis occurs in humans are: __________________ __________________ __________________ 27.Which cells in your body undergo Mitosis? ______________________________ 28. How many chromosomes are in a human body cell before and after mitosis occurs? Before _____ After _____ If a crayfish has 100 chromosomes before mitosis, how many will it have in each cell after mitosis? _______ Growth Repair (damaged tissue) Replace (worn out cells) Body (somatic) cells (remember my toes are not sexy) 46 46 100