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Communism

Communism. Soviet Empire and Utopian Dreams. The History of Communism was defined by the interests, needs and goals of the Soviet Union for most of the 20th Century. 1917. 1991. Soviet Union. Russian Revolution. Fall of USSR. 1848. 2007. Communist Movement.

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Communism

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  1. Communism Soviet Empire and Utopian Dreams

  2. The History of Communism was defined by the interests, needs and goals of the Soviet Union for most of the 20th Century. 1917 1991 Soviet Union Russian Revolution Fall of USSR 1848 2007 Communist Movement Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Andropov, Cherenkov, Gorbachev.

  3. The theory behind Comunism Marxism : “Workers of the World, Unite ! You have nothing to lose but your chains !” • Classical Economist, Philosopher and Journalist • History is shaped by “Class Struggle” • New productive technologies create new social groups who eventually have a Revolution ! • Ancient--->Feudal --->Capitalist--->Socialist---> • Capitalists exploit workers by taking “surplus value” • History has scientific laws just like nature • Revolution was coming soon ! Karl Marx, 1818-1883 Friedrich Engels: Supported Marx’s writings and political activity $$$

  4. RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1917 ! “ Ten Days That Shook The World ” Tsar Nicholas II “ The Unlucky” WWI Exhausts Russia Democrats, Liberals and Moderate Socialists overthrow Tsar in February, 1917 Bolsheviks & Anarchists topple Provisional Government in October Lenin creates the Red Guards & CHEKA secret police - launches “ Red Terror” against “ Class Enemies”. Tsarist “ Whites” fight back

  5. Lenin's New Soviet Order “ Soviet People” Bolshevik Party Workers Poor and “ Middle” Peasants “Rich” Peasants & Middle-Class Capitalists & Priests “Former Classes” Nobility & White Guards “Enemies of the People”

  6. The CHEKA: Lenin's Sword and Shield The first Soviet Secret Police were known as “The CHEKA” All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-revolution & Sabotage Used Terrorism, Torture, Assassination and Espionage Had its own special elite military units and concentration camps Separate from regular criminal police ( MVD) and military intelligence (GRU) Spied on everyone Answered only to the leadership of the Bolshevik Party Known by many names - GPU, OGPU, NKVD, MGB and KGB “Iron Felix” Dzerzhinsky CHEKA -KGB badge

  7. Lenin's Totalitarian Bolshevik Party Leader Power was rigidly centralized in a pyramid Politburo Secretariat Discipline was harsh Central Committee Local, Provincial, Regional, Republic Party Officials ( “Nomenklatura” ) Party Members

  8. Lenin set down the brutal rules for the Soviet System. Stalin built that system into a global power Lenin and Stalin Lenin was willing to share power & tolerate some debate inside the Party. Stalin insisted on absolute obedience and all the power. Lenin took great risks to spread Communist Revolution. Stalin wanted security and power for the Soviet Union even if it harmed the chances for Communist revolution elsewhere.

  9. Lenin’s death set off a fearsome power struggle between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky with terrible consequences for the Russian people….

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