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Transformation of the South and West: Native American Reservations, Battles, and Assimilation

Explore the impact of reservations, battles like the Sand Creek Massacre and Battle of Little Big Horn, and the assimilation efforts on Native Americans during the transformative period of 1865-1900. Learn about Chief Sitting Bull, Chief Joseph, the Ghost Dance, Wounded Knee, and the Dawes Act, as well as the Transcontinental Railroad and the experiences of African American Exodusters. Discover the Homestead Act of 1862 and the rise of the Populist movement.

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Transformation of the South and West: Native American Reservations, Battles, and Assimilation

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  1. Chapter 6 Vocab The South and West Transformed (1865-1900)

  2. Reservations • Specific areas set aside by the government for the Indians’ use. • Native Americans were FORCED to move onto these specific reservations. • 2nd Trail of Tears

  3. Sand Creek Massacre • Took place along Sand Creek in E. CO. • American troops opened fire on unarmed Cheyenne and Arapaho men, women, and children who raised the American flag as a sign of friendship.

  4. Sitting Bull • Belonged to the Hunkpapa band, one of the Lakota Sioux groups. • Led resistance against American settlers who squatted on Sioux hunting grounds.

  5. Battle of Little Big Horn • “Custer’s last stand” • Battle between at least 2000 Native Americans, led by Crazy Horse and 250 American soldiers led by Custer. • Crazy Horse, and his men killed Custer and all of his men.

  6. Chief Joseph • Leader of the Nez Perces • Led resistance to the forced relocation of the Nez Perces to a smaller reservation. • Led many members of his tribe to Canada, but was forced to surrender just miles from the border. • “I will fight no more forever”

  7. Ghost Dance • A Native American religious revival • It was thought that the ritual would banish white settlers and restore the buffalo to the Plains. • Led to the arrest of Sitting Bull.

  8. Wounded Knee • Confrontation over the arrest of Sitting Bull. • Sitting Bull was killed at this battle. • More than 100 men, women, and children were killed here.

  9. Assimilation • Adopting the culture and civilization of whites. • Part II and III on your own.

  10. Dawes Act • 1887-Replaced the reservation system with an allotment system • Each Indian family was granted a 160 acre farmstead. • Meant to force Indians to assimilate.

  11. Transcontinental Railroad • A railway extending from coast to coast • Begun in 1862 • Federal government awarded loans and land grants to two private railraod companies, Central Pacific, and Union Pacific. • Built mostly by Chinese and Irish immigrants.

  12. Exodusters • African Americans who moved westward after the Civil War.

  13. Homestead Act of 1862 • Offered 160 acres of public act to anyone who met the following requirements: • Applicants had to be at least 21 • American citizen or immigrant who had filed for citizenship • $10 registration fee • Build a house and live on the claim at least 6 months of the year • Farm the land and “improve” it for 5 years before they could claim ownership.

  14. Populism“The People’s Party” • Movement to increase farmers’ political power and to work for legislation in their interest.

  15. Bimetallism • Paper currency is backed by both gold and silver, as opposed to sticking strongly to the gold standard.

  16. Cross of Gold Speech • Speech made by the Democratic candidate for president in 1896, William Jennings Bryan. • In the speech, he warned against “crucifying mankind on a cross of gold” or sticking to the gold standard. • Became the democratic presidential nominee as well as the populist party nominee.

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