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Brake System Fundamentals

Brake System Fundamentals. Walla Walla Community College Automotive Technology. Typical System (No ABS). Typical Layout of System (with ABS). Brake Pedal Design Advantage by Leverage. First Mechanical Advantage is Driver’s foot Length of Lever determines force applied Uses Fulcrum

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Brake System Fundamentals

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  1. Brake System Fundamentals Walla Walla Community College Automotive Technology

  2. Typical System (No ABS)

  3. Typical Layout of System(with ABS)

  4. Brake Pedal DesignAdvantage by Leverage • First Mechanical Advantage is Driver’s foot • Length of Lever determines force applied • Uses Fulcrum • Pedal Ratio 10 5:1 2.5 inches 0.5 inch 2 5

  5. Advantage by Hydraulics

  6. Components

  7. Drum Brake System

  8. Disc Brake Caliper Assembly

  9. Sliding Caliper • Applies pressure to two pads on opposite sides of rotor • Caliper • Sliding • Fixed • Friction Material exposed to air

  10. Fixed Caliper • Applies two pistons to opposite sides of rotor • Caliper stays stationary • Disc Brakes require higher hydraulic pressure

  11. Master Cylinder

  12. Brake Plumbing • Rigid steel brake lines are double wall • Flexible hoses connect rigid lines on vehicle to each wheel • Transmits hydraulic fluid to each wheel

  13. Pressure Control Valves All systems use one or more valves

  14. Wheel Cylinder • Wheel cylinder or caliper pistons are “slave cylinders” • Change hydraulic pressure back into mechanical force • Can use one or two cylinders at each wheel

  15. Power AssistIncreases force of driver’s foot

  16. Cable Parking Brake Parking or “Emergency” Brake

  17. Parking Brake Systems • Foot or Hand Brake • Are cable controlled • Several Styles • As shown • Drum in hat • Driveline

  18. Brake System Energy

  19. Brake System Principles • Kinetic Energy • Mass • Weight • Speed • Inertia and Momentum

  20. Friction Principles • Kinetic and Static Friction • Friction and Pressure • Friction and Surface Area • Coefficient of Friction • Brake Fade Friction changes kinetic energy into heat (thermal) energy.

  21. Brake Friction Materials • Five Characteristics • Resist Fading with increased temp • Resist fading when wet • Recover quickly • Wear gradually • Quiet Bonded or Riveted

  22. Braking Dynamics • Weight Transfer • Weight Distribution • Braking Power • Friction Efficiency • Brake to Wheel • Wheel to Road Surface • Traction Efficiency • Skidding

  23. Hydraulic Principles • Fluids cannot be compressed • Fluids can transmit Movement • Acts “Like a steel rod” in a closed container • Master cylinder transmits fluid to wheel cylinder or caliper piston bore. • Fluids can transmit and increase force • Force Pressure Area

  24. The area of the piston is determined by using the formula: 3.14 X R2

  25. The amount force is calculated by multiplying the pressure times the area P X A = Force

  26. Hydraulics - it’s how the pressure is multiplied and transferred

  27. Hydraulic pressure is distributed equally in all directions

  28. The pressure that is applied at piston A is the same as what is applied to piston B

  29. The hydraulic pressure is the same, but the applied force can be changed by changing the piston size.

  30. You can’t have something for nothing

  31. The caliper piston needs more applied force for multiple reasons

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