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Voltage in Electrical Systems

UNIT 4. Voltage in Electrical Systems. Unit 4 Voltage Pages 71-76 (leave a space in between). Voltage source Conductors Control element Electrical appliance Electrical loads Electrical circuit Direct current Alternating current Volts. Primary cells Secondary cells Electrode

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Voltage in Electrical Systems

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  1. UNIT 4 Voltage in Electrical Systems

  2. Unit 4 Voltage Pages 71-76 (leave a space in between) • Voltage source • Conductors • Control element • Electrical appliance • Electrical loads • Electrical circuit • Direct current • Alternating current • Volts • Primary cells • Secondary cells • Electrode • Cathode • Anode • In series • Electron • Frequency • Voltmeter

  3. Unit 4 Voltage Pages 77 • Answer # 1-8

  4. Electrical Systems • Made up of voltage sources, conductors, control elements, and appliances and machines • Batteries/generators, wire/circuits, switches, lights/appliance

  5. Conductor • Any material that allows the movement of electrical energy through it

  6. Control Element • Wall switch • Volume on a radio • Variable speed switch

  7. Electrical Load • Motor • Light Bulb • Appliance

  8. Electrical Circuit • Closed path made by connecting voltage sources, control elements, and electrical loads

  9. AC vs. DC Electricity • AC – Alternating Current • DC – Direct Current

  10. AC • Electric charges move back and forth many times a second in the wire DC • Electric charges in wires always move in one direction

  11. AC • Produced by alternators DC • Produced by batteries

  12. Typical DC Voltage Sources

  13. Dry-cell batteries • A chemical produces the voltage Wet-cell batteries • Contain a liquid electrolyte • Usually a strong acid • Used to start engines because they can deliver a lot of power

  14. The ability to recharge a battery allows us to group these chemical producers of voltage into two classes Secondary cells Primary cells • Easily recharged • Not easily recharged

  15. Primary cells & Secondary Cells

  16. How are DC Voltage sources connected? • The output of a voltage source comes from two terminals called electrodes • DC sources normally have two electrodes • A Positive and a negative

  17. How are DC Voltage sources connected? • Electrons move in the circuit as if they were flowing out of the negative electrode and into the positive • The negative electrode is called the “cathode” • The positive electrode is called the “anode”

  18. How do we produce higher voltage? • DC voltage sources can be added together in series • Positive source must be connected to the negative terminal of the other source in succession • If connected in an opposing manner it will sometimes cause battery damage

  19. Good & Bad DC Voltage Sources Good Bad!

  20. What makes up a simple DC Circuit? • How do we make schematics? • Symbols: • Battery • Light bulb • Switch • Conductors

  21. How do we make schematics? • Please make a schematic of the following simple circuit

  22. What makes up a simple DC Circuit? • How do we make schematics? • Symbols:

  23. What makes up a simple DC Circuit?

  24. AC Voltage • AC Voltage changes direction about 60 times each second • This rate of change is called the frequency • Frequency is measured in cycles per second or hertz

  25. Voltage acts like a force • Unlike charges attract • Like charges repel • There are three common ways of creating a voltage difference

  26. How do we measure voltage • Voltmeters measure the difference in volts of any two points • Sometimes voltmeters have scales of several ranges

  27. How do we measure voltage • Modern electronics have made digital voltmeters available • Oscilloscopes are used often in analyzing, testing, and troubleshooting electrical systems and circuits • They can also be used as voltmeters

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