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Understanding Voltage: Electrical Potential Explained with Examples and Practice Problems

This guide explores the concept of voltage, also known as electrical potential, which is the energy each electron possesses while moving through a circuit. It explains how to calculate voltage using the formula V = E/Q, where V is voltage (in volts), E is energy (in joules), and Q is charge (in coulombs). The document provides practical examples and problems for calculating electric potential, including scenarios with batteries. This resource is ideal for students learning about electrical circuits and the principles of voltage.

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Understanding Voltage: Electrical Potential Explained with Examples and Practice Problems

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  1. Voltage – Electrical Potential Voltage – or electric potential, is the energy each electron has as it moves through a circuit. The symbol for electric potential is V and the units are volts (V).

  2. In order to measure the electric potential we need to determine how much energy (Joules) each coulomb has (6.0 x 1018 electrons). V = E electric potential = energy (joules J) Q charge (coulombs C)

  3. Example A • If a battery uses 45J of energy with a charge of 15C what is the electric potential of the battery? V = E / Q = 45J / 15C = 3 V

  4. Example B • How many joules of energy are released from a 9V battery that has a charge of 25C? E = V x Q = 9 V x 25C = 225 Joules

  5. Practice Problems: • What is the potential difference in a battery if the charge is 45 C and 155 J of energy are used? V = E / Q = 150 J / 245 C = 3.4 V

  6. 2. If a 9 V battery has a charge of 46 C how much chemical energy does the battery have? E = V x Q = 9 V x 46C = 414 Joules

  7. 3. What is the charge of a battery if it is 9 V and has 600 J or energy? Q = E / V = 600 J / 9 V = 66.6 C

  8. 4. How many joules of energy are released from a 6V battery that has a charge of 250 C? E = V x Q = 6 V x 250 C = 1500 Joules

  9. 5. If a battery uses 85 J of energy with a charge of 25C what is the electric potential of the battery? V = E / Q = 85 J / 25 C = 3.4 V

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