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Understanding Ventilator Alarms: Types, Functions, and Importance in Patient Care

Ventilator alarms serve as critical alert systems, signaling noteworthy events related to patient conditions and ventilator performance. They fall into two categories: System and Adjustable alarms. System alarms indicate issues such as malfunctions or pressure regulation failures, while Adjustable alarms monitor specific patient parameters. The alarms utilize auditory and visual signals, with manual and self-canceling features. By alerting clinicians to anomalies, these alarms enhance patient safety and facilitate timely interventions in critical care settings.

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Understanding Ventilator Alarms: Types, Functions, and Importance in Patient Care

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  1. Monitoring with the Vision Alarms

  2. Alarm Overview • Alarm: Warning Signal of an Event • Event: A Noteworthy Happening • An abnormal clinical occurrence • Requiring clinical awareness or action

  3. Alarm Overview • Events Are Related To: • Technical performance of the ventilator system or • Patient’s clinical condition

  4. Alarm Overview Two Types of Alarms • System • Adjustable

  5. Alarm Overview • Alarm Indications • Visual • Audible • Two Tones • Alarm Reset • Manual • Self-canceling • Nurse Call/Remote

  6. System Alarms • Check Ventilator Performance • Preset and Not Adjustable • Continuous Tone

  7. System Alarms • Ventilator Inoperative • Check Ventilator • Pressure Regulation • Proximal Pressure Line • O2 Flow • Exhalation Port • Disconnect

  8. System Alarm Audible & Visual Ventilator Inoperative Why? • System Malfunction • AC Power Failure What Happens? • Ventilator Powers Down • Valves Open to Atmosphere • allows spontaneous breathing

  9. System Alarm Audible & Visual Manual Reset Check Ventilator • Abnormal Operating Condition What Happens? • Ventilator Continues to Operate • Unit Requires Service • Visual Indicator Remains Until Condition Corrected

  10. System Alarm Visual & Audible Manual Reset Check Ventilator Why? • Internal Battery Voltage is Low What Happens? • Internal Battery Cannot Sustain Audible Alarm • AC Power Will Trickle Charge Error Code 205

  11. System Alarm Audible & Visual Self-canceling Pressure Regulation Why? • Proximal and Set Pressure Vary • +/- 5 cm H2O What Happens? • Ventilator Sends Available Flow to Achieve Set Pressure P Regulation

  12. System Audible & Visual Self-canceling Proximal Line Disconnect Why? • Proximal Pressure < 1 cmH2O What Happens? • Ventilator Continues to Deliver Set Pressure ProxLine Disc

  13. System Alarm Audible & Visual Manual Reset Oxygen Flow Why? • Insufficient Oxygen Flow What Happens? • FIO2 Cannot be Maintained Ventilator Continues to Deliver Set Pressure O2 Flow

  14. System Alarm Audible & Visual Self-Canceling Exhalation Port Why? • Baseline Flow Decreases Below Intentional Leak Rate • 5L/min or 50% What Happens? • Ventilator Continues to Deliver Set Pressure Exh Port

  15. Learn Function • Learns Base Flow • Upon system start-up • After mode changes • Activated manually • With circuit condition changes • Modify Alarms screen

  16. System Alarm Audible & Visual Self-Canceling Disconnect Alarm Why? • Patient Disconnect • High flow rates for 4 seconds What Happens? Disconnect • Ventilator decreases flow to idle

  17. Flow Limit Control What Is It ? • Recognizes Patient Disconnection • Decreases total flow to idle • Flow Returns to Normal • Spontaneous patient trigger

  18. Benefits of System Alarms • Monitor Operating Specifications • Warn of Abnormal Operating Conditions • Visual Messages Facilitate Troubleshooting

  19. Adjustable Alarms • Monitor Specific Patient Parameters • Clinician Adjustable • Multiple Tone

  20. High Pressure Low Pressure Low Pressure Delay Apnea Low Rate High Rate Low Minute Ventilation Adjustable Alarms

  21. Adjustable Alarm Audible & Visual Self-canceling High Pressure Why? • Proximal Pressure Exceeds Hi P Alarm Limit • What Happens? Inspiration is Terminated • Safety Feature Hi P

  22. Adjustable Alarm Audible & Visual Self-canceling Low Pressure& Low Pressure Delay Why? • Proximal Pressure Below Lo P • Limit for Set Time Delay What Happens? • Ventilator Continues to Function Lo P

  23. Setting Pressure Alarms • Hi P and Lo P • Bracket IPAP • Lo P Delay • According to patient condition

  24. Adjustable Alarm Audible & Visual Self-canceling Apnea Why? • Absence of Spontaneous Trigger for Set Time Interval What Happens? • Timed Breaths are Delivered at Set Rate Apnea

  25. Apnea (con’t) • Audible resets only when condition is corrected • Two spontaneous triggers • Safety feature • Apnea Can be Disabled

  26. Adjustable Alarm Audible & Visual Self-canceling Low Rate Why? • Total Respiratory Rate is Below Lo Rate Limit Setting Lo Rate Alarm Limits • Set Below Total Respiratory Rate • And Above Set Rate

  27. Adjustable Alarm Audible & Visual Self-canceling High Rate Why? • Total Respiratory Rate is Above Hi Rate Limit Setting Hi Rate Alarm Limits • Set Above Total Respiratory Rate

  28. Adjustable Alarm Audible & Visual Self-canceling Low Minute Ventilation Why? • Minute Ventilation Falls Below Set Lo MinVent Limit Setting Lo MinVent alarm limits • Set ~ 20% < Total Minute Ventilation • Use MinVent estimation

  29. Benefits of Adjustable Alarms • Monitor Patient Conditions • Warn of Critical Changes in the Patient • as determined by the clinician • Visual Messages Facilitate Troubleshooting

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