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Sovereign Rights and Environmental Responsibility: UN Principles on Resource Exploitation

This text discusses the principles outlined in the United Nations' 1972 Declaration on the Human Environment and the 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. Principle 21 emphasizes the sovereign rights of states to exploit natural resources in line with their environmental policies while highlighting their responsibility to prevent harm to other states’ environments and areas beyond national jurisdiction. It underscores the balance between resource utilization and environmental stewardship in international law.

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Sovereign Rights and Environmental Responsibility: UN Principles on Resource Exploitation

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  1. 191 recognized sovereign countries • Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972) Principle 21 and the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992) Principle 2: • „States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.”

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