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Understanding Nutrients in Foods: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, and Minerals

Explore the essential nutrients in food, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Learn about their functions, types, and sources. Carbohydrates provide energy in both simple and complex forms, while proteins are crucial for building and repairing tissues. Fats play a role in regulating body temperature and supporting healthy skin, with distinctions between good and bad fats. Vitamins trigger various body processes, and minerals are integral to bone health and overall function. Lastly, discover the importance of water in nutrient transport and waste removal.

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Understanding Nutrients in Foods: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, and Minerals

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  1. Nutrients in Foods

  2. Carbohydrates • Function • Provide the body with most of its energy • Types • Simple-refined (sugars, candy, pop) natural (fruits, vegetables and milk) • Complex- starches (breads, cereals, pasta, rice, dry beans, potatoes, corn)

  3. Carbohydrates • Simple-sugars • The body uses immediately for energy • Complex-starches • The body has to convert into energy • What makes a complex carbohydrate fattening? • Fiber • The body cannot digest

  4. Proteins • Function • Build, maintain, and repair body tissue • Types • Complete (meat, fish, poultry, milk products, eggs) • Incomplete (grains, dry beans and peas, nuts, seeds, vegetables

  5. Fats • Functions • Regulate body temperature, cushion vital organs, provide substances your body needs for normal growth and healthy skin • Types • Saturated-solid (meat, poultry, egg yolks, whole milk, coconut and palm oils) • Unsaturated-liquid (vegetable, olive, and nut oils) • Trans-fatty acids (shortening, fries, pastries)

  6. Fats • You need some fat • Excess fat is stored in the body as fat • Should make up no more than 30% of your daily calorie intake • Good Fats • Monounsaturated-may help lower bad cholesterol and raise good cholesterol • Olives, olive oil, avocados, nuts, peanut oil, canola oil

  7. Bad fats • Saturated • Raise bad cholesterol • Fatty meat, poultry skin, whole milk dairy products, tropical oils • Can be both • Polyunsaturated • Lowers both kinds of cholesterol • Corn oil, soybean oil, safflower oil

  8. Vitamins • Function in the body • Trigger many of the body processes; set off chemical reactions in your body’s cells • Types • Fat-soluble-ADEK (Spinach, kale, cantaloupe, carrots, liver, milk, cheese, eggs, salmon, dry beans and peas, nuts • Water-soluble-BC (Whole-grain bread, peanut butter, nuts, poultry, fish, oranges, grapefruit, broccoli

  9. Minerals • Functions • An essential part of your bones, teeth, and internal organs, and help regulate body functions • Food Sources • Milk, peas, nuts, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, oranges, bananas, dark green leafy vegetables

  10. Water • Functions • Regulates body functions and carries nutrients to cells, carries waste from the body • Source- foods that have high water content, liquids such as milk and juice.

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