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Ancient India

Ancient India. Ravi Shanker. Rivers of India. What rivers do you know of? Ganga - Yamuna Narmada - Godavari Kaveri - Mahanadi Krishna - Tapi Tungabhadra - Brahmaputra Others we should know about Indus - Jhelam Chenab - Ravi Beas - Sutlej Sarasvati Yamuna and Sutlej.

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Ancient India

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  1. Ancient India Ravi Shanker

  2. Rivers of India • What rivers do you know of? • Ganga - Yamuna • Narmada - Godavari • Kaveri - Mahanadi • Krishna - Tapi • Tungabhadra - Brahmaputra • Others we should know about • Indus - Jhelam • Chenab - Ravi • Beas - Sutlej • Sarasvati • Yamuna and Sutlej

  3. Sarasvati

  4. How old is India? • Harappa and Mohen-jo-daro • Ruins discovered in 1922 • Laying a rail line • Bricks from ruins used for the foundations • Cities abandoned in 1900 BCE – almost 4000 years ago • Indus Valley Civilization • Bigger than Egypt and Mesopotamia and China put together

  5. Features of Indus Valley • Very large • Gujarat in the south (Lothal, Dholavira) • Ganga in the east • Afghanistan in the west (Mehrgarh 7500 BCE) • Jammu & Kashmir in the north (Rakhigarhi) • Advanced society • Streets intersected at right angles (grid formation) • Plumbing – forgotten till the Romans came along 2000 years later

  6. Languages • What language do you speak at home? • Hindi - Oriya • Tamil - Punjabi • Telugu - Malayalam • Kannada - Assamese • Marathi - Kashmiri • Gujarati - Manipuri • Bengali - Nepali

  7. Languages • What is the oldest Indian language? • All Indian languages are derived from …….. • Structure • English has no structure • Vowels and consonants all jumbled together • Letters can have different pronunciations • Phonetic • Vowels first • Consonants later

  8. Language Structure • Vowels • Consonants • Gutturals • Palatals • Retroflex • Dental • Labial • Miscellaneous

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