Ancient India

1. Ancient India Members: Juan Carlos P.

2. ThisgreatbarrieristheHimalayas, thehighestmountainrange in theworld. • Theland of India isseparatedfromtherest of theworldby a greatwall. • Thewallisnotmade of stoneorbricks. Itis a wall of snow-cappedpeaks and icyglaciers.

3. India´sGeographicsetting • Geographers refers to India as a subcontinent, although today it is divided into several countries, including: • India • Pakistan • Bangladesh

4. India's climate It is dominated by the monsoons. Effects of monsoons: • It carries rains that drench the plains and river valleys daily. • If the monsoon is late or weak, crops die, causing famine. • If it brings too much rain, overflowing rivers may cause deadly floods.

5. Pathways • The Hindu Kush mountain range have served as highways for migration and invasion. The earliest people of northern India probably entered the Indus river valley through this pathways. Great rivers • The indus river: crosses the Himalayas and empties into the Arabian sea. • The Ganges river: flows from the Himalayas into the bay of Bengal. They flow across northern India and make farming possible in the rivers valleys.

6. Great ancientcities • In India some villages grew to become cities. Two such cities were Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. Both located in present-day Pakistan. • Mohenjo-Daro was the largest of the two cities, and it lay along the banks of the Indus River. Mohenjo-Daro • The type of government and religion are unknown.

7. Arquitecture and Engineering • City wasbuiltabovegroundlevel. Homes and workshopsmade up oneside of thecity. Publicbuildingsstoodontheotherside. • Mohenjo-Darohad a drainagesystem. Clay pipes ranunderthebrickstreets. Theycarriedwastefromhomes and publicbuildingsawayfromthecity. • Thecannalshelpedto control flooding

8. Aryans • Therewas a new culturethatarise in India. Theymigratedfromtheirhomelands in central Asia. Theyhad a religiousbookcalled Vedas. Theyorganizedtheirsocietyinto 4 classes: • 1. brahmans(Aryanpriests) • 2. warriors and nobles. • 3. Artisans and merchants. • 4. farmworkers, laborers, and servants.

9. Hinduisim in Ancient India Thebeginnnings of Hinduism • As AryansculturemixedwithIndian´sexistingcultures, new ideas and beliefsbecamepart of the Vedas. Fromthis ideas and beliefsHinduismwascreated. • Hinduism has no one single founder, butHindushavemanygreatreligiousthinkers. Theyworhipmanygods and godesses. However, theybelieve in one single espiritual powercalledBrahman. Hindusbelievethatthereis more thanonepathtothetruth. Mostimportantgods: • Brahma: thecreator • Vishnu: thepreserver • Shiva: thedestroyer

10. Teachings of Hinduism The Upanishads • Is one of the Hindus religious texts . It means “sitting near a teacher.” Reincarnation (rebirth of the soul) • Hindus believe that when a person dies, the soul is reborn in the body of another living thing. They believe that every living thing has a soul. According to Hindu belief, the actions of a person in this life affect his fate in the next • Faithfull followers of Hinduism will be reborn into a higher position. • Those whose acts have been bad may be born into a lower caste. ( or even return as animals)

11. TheBeginnings of Buddhism • Siddhartha Gautama created Buddhism. He was a young Hindu prince surrounded by beauty and youth. He had never witnessed old age, sickness, or death. • Around the age of 30, the prince traveled outside the palace walls. What he saw change his life. He met an old man. Then he saw a man that was very sick. and finally he saw a dead body carried too a funeral. • After seeing all that suffering, he decided to change his life to find the answer for all that pain and misery. • what he discovered after seven years of wandering led to the beginnings of a major world religion: Buddhism

13. TheBuddha and hisTeachings • GautamafollowerscalledhimtheBuddhaor “EnlightenedOne,” histeachingsbecameknown as Buddhism. • Gautamadecidedtomeditatetofindananswerforallthesuffering. After 49 days he foundtheanswer he sought. He believed he finallyunderstoodtheroots of suffering. TheMiddleway • BuddhismteachespeopletofollowtheEightfoldpath. Byfollowingthispath, a personavoids a life of extreme pleasureor extreme unhappiness. • Toovercomeselfishdesires, Buddhistmustlearntobewise, tobehavecorrectly, and todeveloptheirminds.

15. Empires of Ancient India

16. Therise of MauryaEmpire • ChandraGuptafoundedIndia´sMauryaEmpire. • ChandraGuptaarmiesoverthrewkingdomsalongthe Ganges river. In fewyears, Chandragupta´spower extended overmost of northern and central india. • One of Chandragupta´sadvisorgavehim a book of advicecalledArthasastra. • Chandragupta´sleadershipbroughtorder and peacetohispeople.

17. Asoka´sleadership • Chandraguptapassedtheleadershiptohis son. Afterthe son died , Chandraguptasgrandson, Asokasgainedpower. • He expandedChandraguptasEmpire. • builtthegreatestempire India hadeverseen.

18. Battle of Kalinga • Asokaconquered new territories. • He senthisArmytoKalinga. He won a bloodybattle in wichthousands of peoplewereinjuredordied. • thegreatslaughter at Kalingawas a turningpoint in Asoka´slife. He wasfilledwithsorrowoverthebloodshed. He gave up war and violence • Freedtheprisoners and restoretheirland. • Later he changedhisbeliefstoBuddhism . • Spread themessage of Buddhismtothepeople of hisempire.

19. TheGuptaempire • AfterAsokadied, theMauryaEmpireweakened and eventuallysplitintosmallerstates. • India facedinternalconflicts and foreigninvasions. • In A.D.320 GuptaDynasty rose topower. • By 400, theGuptashadbuiltanempireacrossnorthern India. • After 540, India againsplitintosmallerstates.

20. UndertheGuptas, India enjoyed a richculture • Indiansinventedthetechnique of printingclothe • Hinduscholars and studentsgathered in collegeswheretheydevelopedadvancedschools of philosophy. • Kalidasa(one of thegreatestIndianwriters of all time) wrotepoems and plays. • Indianmathematiciansinventedthe decimal point and thesystem of numbersthatwe use today.

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