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Plant Structures and Functions

Plant Structures and Functions. Mr. Rodriguez Mena. Structure of Seed Plants. The three principal organs of seed plants are roots, stem, and leaves. Roots: For absorption of water and nutrients (also anchoring the plant to the floor) Stems: Supports the plant body and transport the nutrients.

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Plant Structures and Functions

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  1. Plant Structures and Functions Mr. Rodriguez Mena

  2. Structure of Seed Plants • The three principal organs of seed plants are roots, stem, and leaves. • Roots: For absorption of water and nutrients (also anchoring the plant to the floor) • Stems: Supports the plant body and transport the nutrients. • Leaves: Main organ use in photosynthesis

  3. Tissue System • Plants consist of four tissues: • Meristematic tissue: is the only plant tissue that produces new cells by mitosis. • Dermal tissue: outer most covering layer of the plant (contains epidermal cells, a waxy layer named cuticle and trichomes) • Vascular tissue: contains several different cell types (the Xylem and the Phloem) • Ground tissue: contains different cell depending on the plant: parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.

  4. Body Plan of Plants

  5. Plant Structure

  6. Roots • The two main types of roots are taproots, which are found mainly in dicots, and fibrous roots, which are found mainly in monocots.

  7. Root Structure and Growth • A mature root has an outside layer, the epidermis, and central cylinder of vascular tissue. Between these two tissues lies a large area of ground tissue.

  8. Root functions • Roots anchor a plant in the ground and absorb water and dissolved nutrients from the soil.

  9. Stems • In general, stems have three important functions: They produce leaves, branches and flowers; they hold leaves up in the sunlight: and they transport substances between roots and leaves.

  10. Monocot and Dicot Stem • In monocots, vascular bundles are scattered throughout the stem. In dicots and most gymnosperms, vascular bundles are arranged in a cylinder.

  11. Primary and Secondary growth • Primary growth of stems is produced by cell divisions in the apical meristem. It takes place in all seed plants. • In conifers and dicots, secondary growth takes place in lateral Meristematic tissues called the vascular cambium (increases thickness) and cork cambium (produces the outer covering).

  12. Leaf Structure • The structure of a leaf is optimized for absorbing light and carrying out photosynthesis.

  13. Leaf Functions • Plants keep their stomata open just enough to allow photosynthesis to take place, but not so much that they lose an excessive amount of water

  14. Water Transport • The combination of root pressure, capillary action, and transpiration provides enough force to move water through the xylem tissue of even the largest plants.

  15. Nutrient Transport • When nutrients are pumped into or removed from the phloem system, the change in concentration causes a movement of fluid in that same direction. As a result, phloem is able to move nutrients in either direction to meet the nutritional needs of the plant.

  16. Questions???

  17. Quiz!!! • Date, Name and Period • Meristematic tissue is the only plant tissue that produces new cells by mitosis. • Dermal tissue contains several different cell types (the Xylem and the Phloem) • The Xylem is use for nutrient absorption and the Phloem for fluids. • Stems supports the plant body and transport the nutrients. • What is capillary action?

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