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Plant Structures

Plant Structures. Original PowerPoint crated by Mr. Morgan Modified by Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum Office June 2002. What Are primary parts of plants?. Leaves Stems Roots Flowers. What are the functions of leaves?. Capture light Exchange gases

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Plant Structures

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  1. Plant Structures Original PowerPoint crated by Mr. Morgan Modified by Georgia Agriculture Education Curriculum Office June 2002

  2. What Are primary parts of plants? • Leaves • Stems • Roots • Flowers

  3. What are the functions of leaves? • Capture light • Exchange gases • Provide a site for photosynthesis • Some leaves store food and water • Some form new plants and provide support

  4. What is photosynthesis? • It is a process by which plants combine water and carbon dioxide in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight and produce carbohydrates and release oxygen.

  5. Why is photosynthesis important? • Light is the most important source of energy for living things. Photosynthesis converts light into nutrients that can be used by plants and animals. • Releases oxygen

  6. Photosynthesis • Light+6CO2+12H20-Sunlight-> C6H1206+6O2+6H20

  7. There are two parts of photosynthesis--the light and dark reactions. • The light reactions produce chemical energy from light. • The dark reactions convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.

  8. Leaves in gas exchange • Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Water exchanged from Stomata • Pores open in day to transpire H2O and allow gases to enter • Close during dry conditions to prevent H2O loss.

  9. External Parts of Leaves • Petiole- Stalk of leaf that attaches to stem • Midrib- Main vein of vascular tissue • Blade- Photosynthetic site of leaf

  10. Stomata • Openings on the epidermis • allows air into leaf • allows H2O and oxygen out of leaf

  11. Stems • Water and mineral transport by capillary action and cohesion to the leaves. • Transport food to the roots • Gas exchange • Produce and support new leaves, branches, and flowers

  12. Internal parts of stem • Phloem • Xylem • Cambium • Pith • Cortex

  13. Functions • Phoem-Sugar and carbohydrates to roots • Xylem- Water and nutrients • Cambium- Growing part of stem

  14. Function Cont’ • Pith-Occupies the central area of the stem • Cortex- Composed of several layers of thick-walled cells

  15. External parts of stem • Buds • Nodes • Internodes

  16. Modified Stems • Rhizomes- Horizontal underground stems(Bermuda Grass • Stolons- Horizontal above ground stems(strawberries) • Tubers- Greatly enlarged tip of underground stem

  17. Cont. • Bulbs- budlike structure consisting of a small stem (onion) • Corms- Fleshly leaves underground stems with few nodes(gladiolus)

  18. Functions of Roots • Anchor plants in soil • Absorb water and nutrients • Some store reserves for future uses(Potato) • Propagation

  19. Advantages Penetrates deeper Obtain water from other levels Anchor plant Disadvantages Difficult to remove or harvest do not stabilize well Taproots

  20. Advantages Shallower, better for fertilization & Water Stabilize in soil better Disadvantage Less drought resistant Tend to get exposed during cultivation Fibrous

  21. Primary Roots • Grow down into the soil and may branch repeatedly into lateral roots • Taproot is a primary root

  22. Lateral Roots • Called Secondary roots • grow horizontally away from the primary root • Some grow downward

  23. Adventitious • Came from stems or leaves instead of another root • Prop root of corn and grapes are examples that give support

  24. Fibrous Root • Root structures in which the primary and lateral roots develop equally so there is not a definite taproot.

  25. Storage Roots • Are structures such as those of carrots and sweet potatoes which are used for food storage.

  26. What do stems and roots have in common? • Both have xylem and phloem cells for transport.

  27. Male flowers and their parts and functions. • Stamen- has two parts- filament and antherFilament- supports the anther • Anther- Produces pollen grains

  28. Female parts and their functions • Ovule-develops into a seed • Ovary- surrounds the ovule, later becomes the fruit • Style-supports the stigma • Stigma- receives the pollen grain • Pistil- All three female parts together

  29. Other parts of flower • Receptacle- enlarged part of the flower stalk where floral part is. • Sepals- outer protective parts of buds • Petals- the colored part of the flower used to attract insects

  30. Complete Flower • Both have Male and Female parts

  31. Incomplete Flowers • Have either male or female parts but not both

  32. Monoecious • Plants that have male and female flower parts on separate plants

  33. Dioecious • Have both parts on the same plant.

  34. Pollination • The transfer of pollen from one anther to anther stigma. • Two ways- self-pollination & Cross-pollination • Bees and Wind

  35. The End

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