1. Early Urbanization The Agricultural Revolution and the Growth of Cities

2. Remember Push / Pull Factors • Push Factors • Bad things that make people migrate away from an area • Pull Factors • Good things that make people want to migrate to an area

3. Agricultural Revolution • Over 10,000 years ago everybody lived as a hunter-gatherer • All humans were nomads • 1 – 5 million people in the world (8,000 BC) • About 10,000 years ago people discovered agriculture (farming) • Population boomed • 25 – 50 million in world (3,000 – 1,000 BC)

4. Better Farming Techniques

5. Better Farming Techniques The Plow Irrigation

6. More Vocabulary Words • Innovation – a new idea or invention • Ex. – the plow • Diffusion – the spreading of innovations around the world • Ex. – agricultural revolution (and the plow) spreading from Egypt to Mesopotamia • Acculturation – change in a culture result of contact with a different culture • Ex. – how does civilizations change after the agricultural revolution?

7. River Valley Civilizations • People needed more land to farm • Good farmland in river valleys • Access to water for irrigation • People moved to river valleys • Pull Factor – Grow more food in river valleys

9. Food grows easily in river valleys • Not everybody needs to be a farmer anymore Indus River Valley

10. SpecializationAcculturating to the Agricultural Revolution • People begin to specialize • Craft workers • Pottery, leather workers, metal workers • Traders • Merchants • Education • Priests, scribes, • Specialized in Non-farming jobs

11. The First CitiesCause & Effect Agricultural Revolution Migration to River Valleys More People Better Farming Techniques More People More People Specialization Some people don’t need to farm First Cities Bunch of non-farmers

12. Functions of a CityWhy live in a city? • Water Source • Near rivers • Labor needed for irrigation projects • Defense • City walls to protect from enemies • Trade • Cities built along trade routes • Good places for marketplaces • Religious Centers • Large temples located in cities

13. Defense - City Walls Walls of Ancient Rome

14. Sumerian Trade Routes

15. Structure of Early Cities • Religious Core in the center • Temples or Cathedrals • Government Buildings at core too • Government associated with religion • Surrounding the Religious Core were: • High status business • Associated with religion or government • Secular (non-religious) business • Tailors, jewelers, • Food products and low status business • Leather workers, potters, basket makers • People lived near where they worked • No long commutes

16. Roman Trade Routes

17. Ancient Cities Layouts High Status Business Secular Business Food and Low Status Business Religious and Government Center The further away from the middle – the less power or status you had

18. Ancient Ur

19. Köln/Cologne, Germany

20. TenochtitlanAztec Capital City

21. Roman Suburbs Urbs – inside the city walls Latin for city Suburbs – outside the city walls