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Comprehensive Overview of Sensor Classification and Types

erikr avatar
erikr
122 diapositives · 4K Views · Jan 07, 2020

This document provides a detailed classification of sensors, categorizing them into contact and non-contact types, with a focus on binary and analogue sensors. It outlines the key characteristics of limit switches, reed switches, inductive and capacitive proximity sensors, and emphasizes their applications in detecting, counting, identifying, and controlling various materials. Notably, inductive sensors are highlighted for their ability to detect metals, while capacitive sensors can detect most materials, including liquids through container walls. Understanding these sensors is crucial for effective automation and control systems.

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  1. Sensors • May 25, 2013

  2. Classification of Sensors • Sensors are classified as either : • Contact type • Non-contact type (proximity sensors) • Proximity sensors being the more commonly used sensor.

  3. Classification of Sensors • Sensors are further categorized as either : • Binary • Analogue. • Binary sensors convert a physical quantity into a binary signal which means it has two switching states. The most common being an electrical signal ON or OFF.

  4. Types of Sensors

  5. Types of Sensors

  6. Types of Sensors

  7. Limit Switches Limit switches are considered to be contact sensors, as it needs to be actuated to give a signal output

  8. Reed Switches Most Widely Known and Used as Cylinder Switches

  9. Glass Tube filled with nitrogen Reed contacts LED indicator

  10. 24v

  11. 24v

  12. Reed Switches

  13. Sensor Object Sn Sensor Switching Distance Sn = Switching Distance

  14. Sensor Hysteresis Sensor Object h Sn Sn = Switching Distance h = Hysteresis

  15. Inductive Proximity Sensors

  16. Inductive Proximity Sensors High Frequency magnetic field (300 to 800 kHz) Active Surface Resonant circuit coil LED indicator Connection cable

  17. Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal ON OFF

  18. Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal ON OFF

  19. Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal ON OFF

  20. Target Absorbtion of energy Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal ON OFF

  21. Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal ON OFF

  22. Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal ON OFF

  23. Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal ON OFF

  24. Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal ON OFF

  25. Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal ON OFF

  26. Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal ON OFF

  27. Inductive Proximity Sensors • The bigger the coil, the greater the active switching gap. • Inductive sensors can only detect metals. • Different switching distances for different metals

  28. Inductive Proximity Sensors Material Reduction Factor Mild Steel 1.0 Chrome Nickel 0.70 ~ 0.90 Brass 0.35 ~ 0.50 Aluminum 0.35 ~ 0.50 Copper 0.25 ~ 0.40

  29. Inductive Proximity Sensors • Inductive sensors detect metals and operate quickly, reliably and tirelessly. They are used to: • Count • Identify • Detect • Switch • Control • Check • Distinguish • Sort • Position

  30. Inductive Proximity Sensors Sensing a Cam Controller

  31. Inductive Proximity Sensors

  32. Inductive Proximity Sensors

  33. Inductive Proximity Sensors

  34. Inductive Proximity Sensors

  35. Capacitive Proximity Sensors Sensor is looking for a change in capacitance in the active field Electrostatic field Active surface Active electrode Earth electrode LED indicator Adjusting screw Connection cable

  36. Capacitive Proximity Sensors • Almost similar to the inductive sensor. • Able to detect most materials. • Switching distance adjustable. • Able to detect fluid level through the wall of a bottle.

  37. Target

  38. Sensor is adjusted so that it does not ‘see’ the wall of the vessel.

  39. As the level rises the fluid affects the sensor field.