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THE ESSENTIAL GERM SURVIVAL GUIDE

THE ESSENTIAL GERM SURVIVAL GUIDE. A guide for pathogens on the immune system. Pathogens (US). Pathogens are micro-organisms that can harm the body. Most infections are caused by either bacteria or viruses. Most bacteria are not pathogens, however most viruses are. Antibiotics .

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THE ESSENTIAL GERM SURVIVAL GUIDE

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  1. THE ESSENTIAL GERM SURVIVAL GUIDE A guide for pathogens on the immune system

  2. Pathogens (US) Pathogens are micro-organisms that can harm the body. Most infections are caused by either bacteria or viruses. Most bacteria are not pathogens, however most viruses are.

  3. Antibiotics AVOID IF YOU’RE A BACTERIA Bacteria can be killed by antibiotics. Penicillin was first discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. Antibiotics do not work on viruses as viruses can only replicate inside other cells. Unnecessary antibiotics can lead to the development of anti-biotic resistant bacteria as this kills all the non-resistant bacteria, including the harmless ones. The resistant ones then have an advantage and replicate.

  4. The Immune System This is the body’s natural defence system. It includes platelets and white blood cells. WBC come in many types including : Lymphocytes Phagocytes Neutrophils DANGEROUS FOR ALL PATHOGENS, BEWARE!

  5. Lymphocytes These come indifferent types including: T cells B cells Natural Killer Cells

  6. T Cells These attract other white blood cells and identify infected cells. AVOID!

  7. B cells These produce antibodies which attach themselves to proteins on the surface of pathogens. Antibodies are specific to each different type of pathogen. AVOID INNOCENT BACTERIA NASTY B CELL

  8. Natural Killer Cells THEY DO NOT DO THIS! Natural Killer cells destroy cells which have become infected or have mutated into tumours. These cells either send out a “Kill me” chemical to surrounding cells, or are identified by T cells. BAD FOR VIRUSES

  9. Phagocytes These engulf and digest pathogens. AVOID UNLESS YOU WANT TO BE EATEN!

  10. Neutrophils These also ingest microbes, but die in doing so. They make up most of the WBC. MICROBE ENEMY NO. 1 !

  11. Virus A virus is a parasite that can only replicate inside another cell. They CANNOT be killed by antibiotics. Antivirals can be used, they are specific to each type of virus, however they are difficult to create due to the fact it is very hard to kill the virus without damaging the host cell. VIRUSES DON’T NEED TO WORRY ABOUT ANTIBIOTICS!

  12. Vaccinations These trigger an immune reaction by inserting a dead or weakened form of a virus into the body. The body then forms antibodies to destroy this virus. UNFAIR A memory is kept of the correct type of antibody for this virus, if the body identifies this virus again it can produce the correct antibodies quickly, preventing the body from developing the disease. WE DON’T STAND A CHANCE!

  13. Jenner Edward Jenner first discovered vaccines, using the cowpox and smallpox viruses. He used live pathogens, which is no longer done. After he had been proved correct he gave the child he injected with these illnesses a house. JENNER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR TRILLIONS OF PATHOGEN DEATHS! HE WAS A BAD PERSON!

  14. Other ways to kill pathogens Incineration (Don’t try this at home) Use of alcohol Use of antiseptic (Discovered by Joseph Lister) Oxygen deprivation AVOID ALL THESE THINGS!

  15. Thank you for watching! I HOPE ALL PATHOGENS ARE NOW BETTER PREPARED FOR THE MENACE OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM! By Sam n’ Ella

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