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Today we will…

Today we will…. Consider how biological psychologists might explain sex & gender Examine chromosomal influences on sex/gender development Examine hormonal influences on sex/gender development. psychlotron.org.uk.

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Today we will…

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  1. Today we will… • Consider how biological psychologists might explain sex & gender • Examine chromosomal influences on sex/gender development • Examine hormonal influences on sex/gender development psychlotron.org.uk

  2. What do biological psychologists believe about the causes of experience and behaviour? • How might a biological psychologist explain sex/gender differences between people? psychlotron.org.uk

  3. Sex chromosomes • Genetic blueprint for a person is organised into 23 pairs of chromosomes • 22 pairs are both X shaped. the 23rd depends on whether the person is female or male • XX – female XY - male psychlotron.org.uk

  4. Sex chromosomes source: US National Library of Medicine psychlotron.org.uk

  5. Chromosomes & hormones • Everything develops as a female unless instructed otherwise • The Y chromosome contains instructions for the body to produce androgens (male sex hormones) • These cause the embryo to develop along the ‘male path’ psychlotron.org.uk

  6. Sexual development XX Development of ovaries, uterus and vagina psychlotron.org.uk

  7. Androgens Testosterone Sexual development XY Development of testes instead of ovaries psychlotron.org.uk Development of penis; Changes to brain

  8. Hormones • What might be the result if… • An XY foetus was insensitive to androgens? • An XX foetus was exposed to unusually high levels of testosterone? psychlotron.org.uk

  9. Atypical chomosomes • Turner’s syndrome • XO – only one X chromosome on 23rd pair • Klinefelter’s syndrome • XXY – additional X chromosome on 23rd pair psychlotron.org.uk

  10. Atypical chromosomes • Would people with these syndromes (Turner’s, Klinefelter’s) appear male or female? • How might they be different from those with more typical chromosomes? psychlotron.org.uk

  11. Turner’s syndrome psychlotron.org.uk

  12. Photographs on next slide psychlotron.org.uk

  13. Turner’s syndrome psychlotron.org.uk

  14. Turner’s syndrome • Physical differences (neck, stature) • Underdeveloped ovaries, lack of menstruation at puberty • Poor spatial and mathematical abilities • Poor social adjustment psychlotron.org.uk

  15. Klinefelter’s syndrome psychlotron.org.uk

  16. Photographs on next slide psychlotron.org.uk

  17. Klinefelter’s syndrome psychlotron.org.uk

  18. Klinefelter’s syndrome • Physical differences (stature, limbs) • Underdeveloped genitalia • Gynaecomastia in some cases • Poor language abilities, learning difficulties • ‘Shy and passive’ temperament psychlotron.org.uk

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