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The Geographic and Cultural Landscape of the Middle Colonies

The Middle Colonies, including New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, were characterized by diverse geography and cultures. New York, the largest colony, was a hub of trade driven by the Hudson River, while Philadelphia served as a major commercial center. The region's fertile land made farming more viable than in New England. Founded by the Dutch, New York transitioned into a royal colony under the English. Pennsylvania, known for its Quaker ideals and diversity, became the 'breadbasket' of America. The Middle Colonies hosted a mix of cultures, making them uniquely vibrant.

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The Geographic and Cultural Landscape of the Middle Colonies

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  1. 3.3 The Middle Colonies

  2. The Geography of the Middle Colonies • 4 States make up what was the Middle Colonies • NY is the largest and furthest north • The Hudson River dominated trade in the region • Long Island stretches into the Atlantic • PA is the 2nd largest • Philadelphia was and is a major city in commerce • Located on the Delaware R. • NJ is all lowland along the Atlantic Coast • DE is the smallest of the colonies • Farming was the dominate industry in the region • Much easier to farm here than in New England

  3. New York and New Jersey • New York was a Dutch colony • Farming was successful • Along with fur trading • Not all of the people there were Dutch and resisted some of Dutch rule • New Netherlands becomes New York • King Charles gave the Dutch lands to his brother James • All he had to do was conquer it • Dutch surrendered without a fight • New Jersey • In 1665 New Jersey split to become its own colony • Started as a proprietary colony but later became a royal colony

  4. Pennsylvania and Delaware • Quakers • Another of the religious groups from England • Believed all people had an “inner light” to God • There fore didn’t need ministers • Believed all people are equal • Spoke out against slavery • Allowed women to run meetings • William Penn • Knew Charles II • Wealthy • Wanted a place for Quakers to live

  5. Pennsylvania and Delaware • Penn’s Holy Experiment • Founded Philadelphia (city of Brotherly Love) in 1682 • Advertised all over England • He wanted a place where people of different religious backgrounds could live in peace • Wanted peace with the N.A. • Settlers had to buy the land before settling it • Delaware: A Separate Colony • Originally Swedes settled there but the Dutch took over • People in the area of Delaware thought sending representatives to Phila. was too far so Penn granted them their own assembly

  6. Growth and Change • In the early 1700s PA had 20,000 colonist • Produced a surplus (as did NJ) • Sold this surplus to New England and overseas • Became known as America’s breadbasket • Manufacturing was just beginning • Iron • Paper • Flour • Artisans also started • Coopers were among the most important • Made barrels to ship goods

  7. Growth and Change • The Backcountry • Western PA • Many settlers were not English • Some were German and called themselves Deutsh • Americans thought they said Dutch and became known as PA Dutch • They pushed further south • This was an area that had frequent fights with the N.A.

  8. Growth and Change • Diversity and the Thriving Colonies • Non-English immigrants made the Middle Colonies the most diverse part of English North America • New York & Philadelphia had become the busiest ports in the colonies • Many of the colonists arrived as indentured servants • Worked for 4-10 to pay for their passage and land when their time was up.

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