Human Body System

Unit one Human Body System

Unit One • Key term crossword puzzle • As we discuss key terms, write down the definition in your journal • As you have time, go back and fill in the crossword • Not during other activities! • Essential Questions • As we discuss an essential question, write it down in your journal • Keep notes on the question throughout the unit • Each question gets a separate page!

Systems • What is a system? • What is an example of a non-living system? • How does a malfunction in one part affect the whole system? • Give a few examples of how human body systems work together. • Name the eleven human body systems

Name the eleven human body systems Human Body Systems • Integumentary system, • Skeletal system, • Muscular system, • Nervous system, • Endocrine system, • Cardiovascular system, • Lymphatic system and immunity, • Respiratory system, • Digestive system, • Urinary system, • Reproductive system

Activity 1.1.1 Amazing Facts • Split into groups of two or three- • Students will randomly draw a system- • Your Group assignment is to focus on and find “Amazing Facts” about that system, and at leasttwo “Amazing Facts” about another systems your group choses to investigate.

Amazing Facts • By donating one pint of blood 4 lives can be saved • The human heart beats roughly 35 million times a year • It is not possible to tickle yourself because your brain warns the rest of the body and by doing so your brain will ignore this sensation

Presentations • Activity 1.1.1. Amazing Facts • List the major organs in your system • Discuss top five Amazing Facts found • Think about how your Primary System can act like a Secondary System

Skeletal System • The pelvis bone is the largest bone in the human body. • Did you know that bones are actually living? • Our bones when healthy are strong as steel and 4 times as hard as concrete. • Did you know, we are taller in the morning than at night. • Did you know, there are six different types; wide, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid, sutural. • Did you know when we are born you can have up to 350 bones but when you’re an adult you have 206 about 2 million blood cells die every second and the same amount is born the heart beats about 3 billion times in a life time

Endocrine System • The endocrine system is responsible for producing thirty different hormones. • Produces the pineal gland which allows you to sleep. • Has no ducts, so hormones are secreted directly into the blood. • Regulates the menstrual cycle. • When you experience rushes of fear, that is a result of the epinephrine hormone. • Aids the immune system by helping the body resist disease. • Produces hormone in the hypothalamus that produces the hunger sensation so you don’t starve.

Muscular System • There are muscles in the root of your hair that give you goose bumps • It takes 17 muscles to smile and 42 muscles to frown • The largest muscle in your body is the gluteus maximus • The smallest muscle in your body is in the ear, the Stapedius • The longest muscle is the Sartorius • 200 muscles are used in each step you take • Muscles account for about 40% of your body weight • 17 muscles to smile and 42 muscles to frown • The hardest working muscle is in the eye

Lymphatic/Immune System • Studies show that people who lack humor in their lives tend to have less protective immune responses • Too much sunshine can damage the immune system • Lymph nodes are not found in the feet • Allergies are due to an overreaction in the immune system • Autoimmune disease is more prominent in women • Lymphatic comes from the Latin word lymphaticus, which means “connected to water” , because lymph is clear • Tonsillectomies occur much less frequently than in the 50s, but are still one of the most popular operations today • Lymph, unlike blood, can only travel in 1D • In today’s world, humans encounter more toxins in 24hrs than the lymphatic system can process • Dieting decreases natural killer cell functionality

Urinary System • Urine can be diluted and used for watering plants • The bladder can hold about one pint • About 440 gallons of blood are filtered through the kidneys daily • The kidneys have higher blood flow than the brain, liver, or heart • A baby’s kidneys are about 3 times larger in proportion to their body weight • Urine can be used to soften the skin and whiten the teeth • Muscles in the ureter walls are constantly flexing to force liquid out of the kidneys • In infants and children, the bladder is located in the abdomen and moves to the pelvis at about age 6 • Urine is released into the bladder about every 10 seconds • The kidneys are about the size of a fist

Cardiovascular system • The heart beats about 3 billion times in the average persons lifespan • About 8 million blood cells die each second and the same number are reborn each second • Within a drop of blood there are 5 million red blood cells • It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cells to circle the whole body • Red blood cells make about 250,000 round trips of the body before returning to the bone marrowto die • Red blood cells may live for 4 months circulating the body, feeding the other 60 trillion cells • Plasma is 54.3% of blood volume • Blood regulates core temperature and pH balance • About .7% of the blood is white blood cells • About 2,000 gallons of blood are pumped through the heart every day

Nervous System • There are more nerves in the human brain than there are stars in the Milky Way • There are 100 billion neurons in your brain alone • A new born baby’s brain grows almost 3 times larger during the course of its first year • There are about 13.5 million neurons in the spinal cord • An average adult male brain weighs about 1375 grams • Only 4 percent of the brain’s cells work while the remaining cells are kept in reserve • Neurons are the largest cells in the body (they can be up to 3 feet long.) • The Nervous System can transmit impulses as fast as 100 meter per second • The brain has more than 100 billion neurons • The nervous system can transmit signals at over 100 meters per second

Digestive system • All organs are hollow • Inner walls of organs are lined with mucus • >90% of digestion takes place in the small intestine • The liver is the largest organ and performs >500 functions • About 1.7 liters of saliva is produced every day • An adults stomach can hold about 1 and a half liters • Within 2-6 hours all the food is emptied into the small intestine

Respiratory System • The highest recorded “sneezing speed” is 165km per hour • We lose half a liter of water every day through breathing

Essential Question 1. In what ways do the parts of the human body system work together to carry out a specific function? 2. In what ways do different human body systems work together to complete specific functions?

Essential Question • 1. In what ways do the parts of the human body system work together to carry out a specific function? • 2. In what ways do different human body systems work together to complete specific functions?

Where • How do you give someone directions? • How do you explain location or directions on the human body?

Our Manikins • Equipment • Manikins • Post-it Flags • Colored Pencils • Documents • Activity 1.1.2 • Adoption Certificates • Body Organizer • Crossword Puzzle

Working with Manikins • Assemble Manikin • Name your Manikin-place your manikin’s name on the base • Complete Adoption Certificates • Always store manikins in there proper place • All Manikins look the same now but will soon take on their own personalities.

Activity 1.1.2 • Pair Up • Brainstorm • Complete Activity 1.1.2

Key Terms

Essential Question • How can directional terms and regional terms help describe location in the body? • What features of structure and function are common to all humans?

Conclusion Questions • 1. What are the benefits of using universal terms and anatomical position to refer to location on the human body? How do they help identify all humans? • 2. What does it mean if a doctor says he/she is about to dissect the distal end of the popliteal artery? • 3. Your friend assures you that anterior and posterior can always be used interchangeably with ventral and dorsal. Politely explain to him/her that this statement is not always true. (HINT: think about what these terms mean for four-legged animals)

Lesson 1.2 Identity • The basic processes of the human body unite us as humans, but tiny differences in our • appearance, • our tissues • and our cells • make us truly unique

Lesson 1.2 Identity Supply List • Manikins • Clay &Clay tools • Colored Pencils • Lab Journals • Microscope • Tissue Slides • Body System Organizer -Skeletal View Copies of Activity 1.2.1 • Microscope Resource Sheet • Inspriation

Downloading Inspiration For windows, go to this link, • http://download.inspiration.com/download/windows/inspiration9_win_cd.exe For Macintosh go to this link, • http://download.inspiration.com/download/mac/inspiration9_mac_cd.dmg • 14-digit subscription license: 2633D1237J9601

Tissue • When you think of human identity, what comes to mind • At the beginning of the week we systems and on organ structures that are common to all humans. • Over the year we will be looking at process that occurs in all of our bodies. • But what makes us special?

What are the levels of human organization? • Systems • Organs • Tissues

Tissue Basics • Tissues are groups of cells that are similar in structure that work together to perform a specific function. • There are four main tissue types: • Epithelium • Connective tissue • Muscle • Nervous tissue

Epithelium • Epithelium, or epithelial tissue, • forms the linings, coverings, and glandular tissue of the body. • One type of epithelium forms the outer layer of the skin • Another type of epithelium lines the air sacs of the lungs • Cells in epithelium are packed tightly together to form continuous sheets

Connective Tissue • Connective tissue protects, supports, and binds together other body tissues. • Connective tissue is made up of different types of cells in varying amounts of a nonliving substance around the cells, called the matrix. • Examples of connective tissue include: • Bone • Cartilage • Adipose tissue (fat) • Blood

Muscle Tissue • Muscle tissue is specialized to contract and cause movement. • There are three main types of muscle tissue: • Skeletal muscle • Cardiac muscle • Smooth muscle • Can you guess the location and function of each muscle type?

Nervous Tissue • Nervous tissue is composed of specialized cells called neurons that receive and send electrical signals in the body. • Nervous tissue responds to stimuli and transmits impulses and together with supporting cells, makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Essential Questions • What are the main types of tissue in the human body? • How does the structure of a type of human tissue relate to its function in the body?

Activity 1.2.1 • Pair up • Complete Part 1 only • Concept Map • View prepared slides • Link for more slide views • http://histology.osumc.edu/histology/HumanHisto/index.htm#

What role does tissue play in the identity of the human?” • Facial features • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h_HaJT7OVIQ&feature=player_detailpage

Activity 1.2.1 Part IIGiving your Maniken a Face • Complete through question 15 • Discuss proper use of clay and tools and Manikin Rules • Let’s create a face- • Using Teacher Building Instructions • Compare Manikins

Key Terms • Adipose tissue- Connective tissue in which fat is stored and which has the cells distended by droplets of fat • Connective Tissue- Animal tissue that functions mainly to bind and support other tissues, having a sparse population of cells scattered through an extracellular matrix • Epithelial Tissue- Sheets of tightly packed cells that line organs and body cavities • Tissue- An integrated group of cells with a common structure and function

Essential Question • #3 How does the distribution and structure of different types of tissue in the body contribute to personal identity. • #4 “What are the functions of the human skeletal system?”

Human Skeletal System • Remember bones are type connective tissue • What do you know about the skeletal system • Name this bone

Activity 1.2.2 Supply List • Computer with internet • Anatomy in Clay Maniken • Body System graphic Organizer (Skeletal View) • Colored pencils

Activity 1.2.2Skeleton Scavenger Hunt • Research the listed bones • Label you Manikins • Quiz yourself/partner

Essential Question • #5 “What are the main bones of the human skeletal system”

Project 1.2.3 • Review Learning from Bones http://www.nlm.nih.gov/visibleproofs/education/anthropological/index.html. • Read the Introduction • Career Journal- Forensic Anthropologist • Forensic Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cogeHybySI&feature=player_detailpage • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8IHPq9VgWI&feature=player_detailpage

Essential Question • #6 What is forensic anthropology and how does the field relate to human body systems? • #7 How can features of bone be used to determine information about a person’s gender, ethnicity, age, or stature?

Project 1.2.3 Bone Detectives • Each group will use the laminated instruction sheets to take measurements of the bone at each station • You will need Project 1.2.3 Student Data Sheet • Split into two teams • Now split into four groups • You will be trying to determine the • Age • Race • Sex • Height • 2 students at each station to gather measurements of: • Skull • Femur • Pelvis • Humerus • Tibia

Project 1.2.3 Bone Detectives • We will determine proximal age, height, and race of our victims. • Race and Ethnicity • Mongoloid (Asian) is an anthropological term for a group that includes Chinese, Koreans, Japanese, Tibetan, Eskimo and some Native Americans. • Negroid (Black) is a classification including Sub-Saharan African and Afro-Caribbean peoples and their descendants. • Caucasoid (White) refers to people of Anglo or Caucasian descent from Europe, parts of North Africa, Western Asia and India and their descendants.

Human Body System