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Fig. 9-8c, p. 142

pyruvate from cytoplasm. inner membrane. H +. electron transport system. Coenzymes give up electrons, hydrogen (H + ) to transport system. e −. NADH. acetyl-CoA. e −. NADH. H +. TCA cycle. H +. FADH 2. As electrons pass through system, H + is pumped out from matrix. e −.

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Fig. 9-8c, p. 142

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  1. pyruvate from cytoplasm inner membrane H+ electron transport system Coenzymes give up electrons, hydrogen (H+) to transport system e− NADH acetyl-CoA e− NADH H+ TCA cycle H+ FADH2 As electrons pass through system, H+ is pumped out from matrix e− carbon dioxide Oxygen accepts electrons, joins with 2H+, forms water ATP synthesized 2 ATP Pi ADP oxygen H+ INTERMEMBRANE space H+ MATRIX H+ H+ flows in H+ Fig. 9-8c, p. 142

  2. Basis of photosynthesis: Light energy is used to transform C-O and H-O bonds into C-C and H-C bonds C C C C H H C C O O C C H + + Energy + Increased potential energy O Basis of respiration: Energy is liberated by transforming C-C and C-H bonds into C-O and H-O bonds H + + + Energy Decreased potential energy O

  3. Overall Respiration Reaction C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy 7 C-O bonds + 5 C-C bonds + 7 C-Hbonds + 5 H-O bonds + 12 O-O bonds 36 covalent bonds 24 C-O bonds + 12 H-O bonds 36 covalent bonds

  4. Photosynthesis Chapter 10

  5. Overall Photosynthesis Reaction 6CO2 + 6H2O + energyC6H12O6 + 6O2 Oxygen Glucose Carbon dioxide Water 7 C-O bonds + 5 C-C bonds + 7 C-H bonds + 5 H-O bonds + 12 O-O bonds 36 covalent bonds 24 C-O bonds + 12 H-O bonds 36 covalent bonds

  6. From seed to tree. Where does MOST of the weight gain come from? Nutrients from the soil? Water? Air? http://chlorofilms.org/index.php/crpVideo/display/videoid/47 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5W_aV_w3kko

  7. Location of photosynthesis in the plant cell Photosynthesis Cell wall CHLOROPLAST CHLOROPLAST MITOCHONDRIUM NUCLEUS MITOCHONDRIUM MITOCHONDRIUM CYTOSOL CHLOROPLAST CHLOROPLAST MITOCHONDRIUM Notes: 1) cytosol is the same as cytoplasm 2) not all of the plant cell structures and organelles are shown

  8. In photosynthesis:Chloroplasts Light microscopic image of chloroplasts in leaf cells http://botit.botany.wisc.edu

  9. intact chloroplast stroma granum stroma lammellae Fig. 10-4, p. 152

  10. Chloroplasts: structure two outer membranes thylakoids stroma lumen Fig. 3-12 (a), p. 40

  11. stroma Stroma lammellae granum Fig. 10-2a, p. 151

  12. Compare to respiration

  13. In respiration: Mitochondria inner membrane: site of electron transport chain ATP synthesis outer membrane Matrix: site of the TCA cycle cristae intermembrane space Fig. 9-8a, p. 142

  14. Division of Labor in Chloroplasts Green thylakoids • Capture light • Liberate O2from H2O • Form ATP from ADP and phosphate • Reduce NADP+ to NADPH Light reactions • Colorless stroma • Contains water-soluble enzymes • Captures CO2 • Uses energy from ATP and NADPH for sugar synthesis Dark reactions

  15. Light(-dependent) reactions

  16. Absorption spectra of Chlorophyll a and b 100 80 chlorophyll b Percent of light absorbed 60 40 chlorophyll a 20 0 400 500 600 700 Wavelength (nm) Fig. 10-5, p. 152

  17. Two Photosystems involved in trapping light energy * light-harvesting complex – combination of pigment molecules that act as light traps

  18. An extremely important element

  19. Pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex (a complex of proteins and pigments) absorb light energy and transfer it to the reaction center, where a special chlorophyll a molecule loses an electron with increased potential energy. This high energy electron enters an electron transport chain. Pigments: chl: chlorophyll car: carotene light light harvesting complex Fig. 10-6, p. 153

  20. Fig. 10-7, p. 154 NONCYCLIC ELECTRON TRANSPORT e− P700* -0.6 sunlight energy Electron Transport System NADPH e− P680* e− 0 potential to transfer electrons (measured in volts) H+ + NADP+ electron transport system sunlight energy ADP + Pi e− e− P700 +0.4 Pigments from the light harvesting complex photosystem I released energy used to form ATP from ADP and phosphate +0.8 photosystem II e− H2O photolysis P680: reaction center of photosystem II P700: reaction center of photosystem I

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