Energy Transformation in Cells

1. Fig. 9-1 Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration

2. Fig. 9-2 Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Organic molecules CO2 + H2O + O2 Cellular respiration in mitochondria ATP ATP powers most cellular work Heat energy

3. Fig. 9-UN3 becomes oxidized becomes reduced

5. Fig. 9-6-3 Electrons carried via NADH and FADH2 Electrons carried via NADH Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis Citric acid cycle Glycolysis Pyruvate Glucose Mitochondrion Cytosol ATP ATP ATP Substrate-level phosphorylation Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation

6. Fig. 9-8 Energy investment phase Glucose 2 ADP + 2 2 ATP used P Energy payoff phase formed 4 ADP + 4 P 4 ATP 2 NAD+ + 4 e– + 4 H+ 2 NADH + 2 H+ 2 Pyruvate + 2 H2O Net 2 Pyruvate + 2 H2O Glucose 4 ATP formed – 2 ATP used 2 ATP 2 NAD+ + 4 e– + 4 H+ 2 NADH + 2 H+

7. Fig. 9-10 CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION NAD+ NADH + H+ 2 1 3 Acetyl CoA Coenzyme A Pyruvate CO2 Transport protein

8. Fig. 9-11 Pyruvate CO2 NAD+ CoA NADH + H+ Acetyl CoA CoA CoA Citric acid cycle 2 CO2 FADH2 3 NAD+ NADH 3 FAD + 3 H+ ADP + P i ATP

9. Fig. 9-12-8 Acetyl CoA CoA—SH NADH H2O 1 +H+ NAD+ Oxaloacetate 8 2 Malate Citrate Isocitrate NAD+ Citric acid cycle NADH 3 + H+ 7 H2O CO2 Fumarate CoA—SH -Keto- glutarate 4 6 CoA—SH 5 FADH2 CO2 NAD+ FAD Succinate NADH P i + H+ Succinyl CoA GDP GTP ADP ATP

10. Fig. 9-16 H+ H+ H+ H+ Protein complex of electron carriers Cyt c V Q   ATP synthase  H2O 2 H+ + 1/2O2 FADH2 FAD NAD+ NADH ADP + ATP P i (carrying electrons from food) H+ Chemiosmosis Electron transport chain 1 2 Oxidative phosphorylation

11. Fig. 9-14 INTERMEMBRANE SPACE H+ Stator Rotor Internal rod Cata- lytic knob ADP + ATP P i MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX