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DNA Structure

DNA Structure. Nucleotide = sugar + phosphate + nitrogen base. DNA wrapped around histones. Protein Synthesis: Transcription & Translation. Transcription : Making a copy of the blueprint. Morse Code Key. Using the Genetic Code: DNA :: mRNA :: Protein.

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DNA Structure

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  1. DNA Structure

  2. Nucleotide = sugar + phosphate + nitrogen base

  3. DNA wrapped around histones

  4. Protein Synthesis: Transcription & Translation

  5. Transcription: Making a copy of the blueprint

  6. Morse Code Key

  7. Using the Genetic Code: DNA :: mRNA :: Protein • Get from ‘language’ of DNA (A,G,C,orT) to ‘language’ of protein (aa’s) • DNA’s ‘language’ is a triplet code in which 3 nucleotide bases (a codon) specify 1 amino acid in protein.

  8. DNA (1 gene) :: mRNA :: polypeptide

  9. Steps in Transcription

  10. Transcription: Note the free nucleotides

  11. DNA unzips

  12. Complementary base pairing

  13. mRNA- final product of Transcription mRNA moves off to ribosome

  14. Transcription: Getting the plan straight (copying the gene)

  15. Transcription animation

  16. Transcription animation

  17. Translation Building the protein from the plan

  18. Using the Genetic Code: DNA :: mRNA :: Protein • Get from ‘language’ of DNA (A,G,C,orT) to ‘language’ of protein (aa’s) • DNA’s ‘language’ is a triplet code in which 3 nucleotide bases (a codon) specify 1 amino acid in protein.

  19. Structure of a Ribosome

  20. Structure of a tRNA

  21. Translation: purple = mRNA blue = ribosome yellow = tRNA (note anticodon) white = amino acids red = peptide bond

  22. Translation initiation

  23. Translation initiation (cont)

  24. Translation- elongation

  25. Translation- termination

  26. A Polysome: With more than one ribosome translating an mRNA at one time, it is possible to produce many polypeptides simultaneously from a single mRNA.

  27. Protein Synthesis

  28. In a prokaryotic cell, transcription and translation are coupled; that is, translation begins while the mRNA is still being synthesized. In a eukaryotic cell, transcription occurs in the nucleus, and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

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