1 / 18

Understanding Protein Synthesis: From DNA to Polypeptides

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells create proteins, guided by the DNA code. This intricate mechanism involves two types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). The process consists of transcription, where genetic information is copied into mRNA, and translation, where the mRNA sequence is used to assemble amino acids into polypeptides. Key players include three types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. Understanding the differences between DNA and RNA is essential for grasping how proteins are effectively synthesized within cells.

falala
Télécharger la présentation

Understanding Protein Synthesis: From DNA to Polypeptides

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Protein Synthesis

  2. The DNA Code • The order of bases along the DNA strand codes for the order in which amino acids are chemically joined together to form a polypeptide

  3. Protein synthesis involves two types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) RNA (ribonucleic acid)

  4. RNA • RNA, like DNA, is a polymer formed by a sequence of nucleotides • Three Types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA) transfer RNA (tRNA) ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

  5. Differences Between DNA and RNA DNARNA double-stranded single-stranded sugar = deoxyribose sugar = ribose bases = A,T,C,G bases = A,U,C,G (uracil takes the place of thymine)

  6. Protein Synthesis involves two processes: • Transcription: the copying of the genetic message (DNA) into a molecule of mRNA • Translation: mRNA is used to assemble an amino acid sequence into a polypeptide

  7. Transcription • occurs in the nucleus of the cell 1) DNA strand separates and serves as a template (pattern) for mRNA assembly

  8. 2) free mRNA nucleotides match up to the exposed nucleotides on the DNA strand

  9. http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranscription.html • mRNA strand leaves the DNA strand when a “stop codon” is reached • the mRNA strand carries the code for the production of one polypeptide

  10. A sequence of 3 bases called a codon codes for one amino acid

  11. Translation • occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, at the ribosome • 1) mRNA moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm to a ribosome

  12. 2) mRNA is “read” by the ribosome and is converted to a chain of amino acids with the help of tRNA

  13. http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranslation.html

  14. As the mRNA moves across the ribosome, tRNAs temporarily attach. The amino acids are joined by a chemical bond by enzymes until a stop codon is reached • a polypeptide is produced

  15. Animations • http://www.lewport.wnyric.org/JWANAMAKER/animations/Protein%20Synthesis%20-%20long.html • http://www.ncc.gmu.edu/dna/ANIMPROT.htm

More Related