Understanding Computer Basics: Hardware, Software, and the IPOS Cycle

1. Computers Review Computer Science – Hardware, Systems, and Software

2. What Is A Computer? • An electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit • Can accept data (input) • Manipulate the data according to specified rules (process) • Produce information (output) from the processing • Store the results for future use.

3. Question • What are the 4 components of the IPOS cycle?

4. What Does A Computer Do? • Computers can perform four general operations • These operations comprise the information processing cycle and are: • Input • Process • Output • Storage

5. Application Software • Application software consists of programs that tell a computer how to produce information • Excellent example: • Microsoft Access • Microsoft Excel • Microsoft Word • Microsoft PowerPoint

6. WORD • The word processor application (Word) software that enables you to create documents such as: • Reports • Letters • Memos • Resumes • Web Pages • Publications

7. EXCEL • The spreadsheet application (Excel) allows you to work with numbers to prepare items such as: • Budgets • Loan payments amortization schedules • Spreadsheets • Invoices • Balance Sheets and other financial statements • Timecard

8. ACCESS • The database application (Access) allows you to organize information such as: • Addresses • Home Inventory • Schedules • Ledger • Order Entries • Expenses

9. POWER POINT • The presentation application (PowerPoint) allows you to create: • Slides • Outlines • Speaker’s notes • Audience handouts

10. OUTLOOK • The schedule/organization application (outlook) increase your efficiency by keeping track of: • E-mail • Appointments • Tasks • Contacts • Events • To-do lists

11. DESKTOP PUBLISHER • The desktop publishing application (Publisher) helps you design professional-looking documents such as: • Newsletters • Postcards • Brochures • Web sites • Catalogs • Business Cards

12. FRONT PAGE • The web page application (FrontPage) enables you to: • Create and • Maintain your own web site

13. Microsoft Office XP (2007) • Word processor application - Word • Spreadsheet application - Excel • Database application – Access • Presentation application - Power Point • Schedule/organization application - Outlook • Web page application – Front Page • Publisher applications – Desktop Publisher

14. Remember… • Integrated software is anapplication can be used together. • For example, numbers from a spreadsheet can be included in a letter created in the word processor or in a presentation and put on your Web page.

15. Software Matching • Match the document with which software application you would use to make it.

16. Scavenger Hunt • Log onto my wikispace. • Open up “1st Day Scavenger Hunt”. • You may work with a partner. • Answer the questions.

17. Computer Review

18. What Are the Components of a Computer? The five primary components of a computer are:

19. 5 Components of Computer • Input Devices • Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Memory • Output Devices • Storage Devices

20. Input Devices • Any hardware component that allows you to enter data, programs, commands, and user responses into a computer. • Examples: keyboard, mouse, digital camera, scanner, and microphone.

21. Central Processing Unit • CPU – contains the electronic circuits that cause processing to occur. • The control unit interprets the instructions. • The arithmetic/logic unit performs the logical and arithmetic processes.

22. Memory • Random access memory – (RAM) consists of electronic components that store data including numbers, letters of the alphabet, graphics, and sound.

23. Memory (RAM) • The amount of memory is usually measured in: • kilobytes (K or KB) which equals approximately 1,000 memory locations • megabyte (M or MB) which equals approximately one million memory locations.

24. Byte • A memory location, or byte, usually stores one character. • A byte = 8 bits

25. Output Devices • Make the information resulting from processing available for use • Two common output devices are: • Printers • Monitors

26. Storage Devices • Also called auxiliary storage devicesorsecondary storage devices, • Used to store instructions and data when they are not being used as memory • Type of auxiliary storage include: • Floppy disks • Hard disks • Compact disks

27. File Names • Early versions of Windows and DOS, filenames are limited to eight characters. • With Windows 95 and higher versions, a filename may contain: • Up to 255 characters • Including an extension of up to 3 characters and may include spaces.

28. Assignment • Log onto my wikispace. • Find “Exploring Computers” link. • Answer questions 1-12. • You may work with a partner.

29. Network • A network is a collection of computers and devices connected via communications media and devices such as: • cables • telephone lines • modems • or other means.

30. Local Area Network (LAN) • A network that connects computers in a limited geographic area, such as a school computer laboratory, office or group of buildings, is called a local area network (LAN).

31. Wide Area Network • A network that covers a large geographical area, such as one that connects the district offices of a national corporation, is called a wide area network (WAN)

32. Internet • The world’s largest network • A worldwide collection of networks that links together millions of computers by means of: • Modems • Telephone lines • Cables • Other communications devices and media

33. Internet • The internet allows 360 million people around the world to share information and ideas through: • Web pages • Newsgroups • Mailing lists • Chat rooms • E-mail • Electronic files

34. Internet Service Provider (ISP) • An internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that supplies connections to the internet for a monthly fee • Connecting to the internet requires special hardware and software and an internet service provider (ISP)

35. On-line Service • A business that provides its subscribers with a wide variety of data transmitted over telecommunicationslines. • Connect to 3rd party information providers • E-mail capabilities

36. World Wide Web (WWW) • The World Wide Web is a system of computers that share information by means of hypertext links on “pages”. • To identify hypertext documents, the Web uses addresses called Uniform Resource Locators (URL’s). example: http://www.microsoft.com

37. Web Page • A document on the World Wide Web. Every Web page is identified by a unique: • URL (Uniform Resource Locator).

38. Web Site • A site (location) on the World Wide Web. Each Web site contains • a home page, which is the first documentusers see when they enter the site.

39. Web Browser • To view hypertext documents on the Web, you need special software. • A Web browser is software used to display Web pages on your computer monitor. • Example : Microsoft Explorer

40. The End • Any Questions?