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Motion

Motion. Chapter 11. Video. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDP7Pty8Qnw. @ 34 seconds. Distance and Displacement. 11.1. Frame of Reference. System of objects that are not moving with respect to each other Frame of Reference needed to describe motion accurately and completely

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Motion

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  1. Motion Chapter 11

  2. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDP7Pty8Qnw @ 34 seconds

  3. Distance and Displacement 11.1

  4. Frame of Reference • System of objects that are not moving with respect to each other • Frame of Reference needed to describe motion accurately and completely • Ex: Moving car and a tree on the side of the road • Relative Motion: movement in relation to frame of reference

  5. Distance And Displacement • Distance: Length of path between 2 points • Displacement: direction and distance in a straight line from the starting point

  6. Combining displacements • Vector: quantity that has magnitude and direction • Add displacements using vector addition • When 2 vectors have same direction add them • When 2 vectors have opposite directions subtract them

  7. Combine Displacements • Resultant Vector: sum of two or more vectors

  8. Section Review Questions • What is a frame of reference, how is it used to measure motion? • How are distance and displacement different? • How are displacements combined?

  9. Horse Head Nebula (interstellar clouds of dust), found in Orion, dark portions are thick dust, pinkish glow is from hydrogen gas

  10. Speed and velocity 11.2

  11. speed • The ratio of the distance and object moves to the amount of time an object moves • How far an object goes in a certain amount of time • S = D/T or V = D/T • Avg. Speed = calculated for the entire trip • Instantaneous speed = calculated at a point in time

  12. Math Triangle S =D/T D = S x T T = D/S • S D T

  13. Math Practice • Nissan GTR 11.2 Sec @ 121.8 miles/hour How long was the race? D=S * T 121.8 miles/hour = .03 miles/second D = .03 miles/second * 11.2 seconds = .38 miles

  14. Velocity • Description of both speed and direction • Velocity is a vector • Why is velocity a vector? • Has both magnitude (size) and direction. • Changes in velocity can be: in speed, direction or in both

  15. Velocity practice • Decide in the scenarios below if there is a change in velocity: • A car is going 45 mph and stops at a stop light. • A driver going down a straight portion of the highway is using cruise control to remain at a constant speed. • A child is riding a merry go round.

  16. Math Triangle V =D/T D = V x T T = D/V • V D T

  17. Combing Velocities • Two or more velocities may be added by vector addition • A boat is heading down river at 20 mph, the river is flowing at 3 miles per hour, what is the combined velocity? • 23 mph

  18. Distance-Time Graphs • Distance time graphs show velocity

  19. 0-60 in 3 seconds Reaching speeds in upper 60’s

  20. Acceleration 11.3

  21. Acceleration • Acceleration is a vector • Changes in speed direction or both (change in object’s velocity) • Can be positive change in speed, increasing speed • Can be negative change in speed, decreasing speed • Example: Airplane taking off is positive acceleration, airplane landing is negative acceleration F-16

  22. Acceleration • Changes can be in direction • Merry go round is constant acceleration (constant speed always changing direction) • Changes can be in both direction and speed • Ex: Roller Coaster

  23. Acceleration • Free Fall: movement of an object toward Earth due to gravity • Unit is: m/s2 • Objects on accelerate towards Earth at a rate of 9.8 m/s2 • Constant Acceleration: steady (constant) change in velocity • Instantaneous Acceleration: How fast a velocity is changing at a specific instant http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AvKJ9DcaJ8M&noredirect=1

  24. Calculating Acceleration Vf- Vi t A

  25. Graphing Acceleration • Slope of a speed-time graph is acceleration

  26. Graphing acceleration • Acceleration is a curved line on a distance-time graph

  27. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4Z7M4bPfHk

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