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Motion: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration in Physics

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osimpson
19 diapositives · 248 Views · Jan 04, 2020

Learn about average and instantaneous speed, scalar and vector quantities, velocity calculations, and the concept of acceleration in physics. Explore examples and illustrations to grasp these fundamental principles.

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Motion: Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration in Physics
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  1. Motion • Speed: average and instantaneous • Velocity • Acceleration

  2. Speed Average and Instantaneous

  3. Let’s Go to Myrtle Beach

  4. Average Speed Average speed equals the distance traveled divided by the time of travel.

  5. Instantaneous Speed

  6. Scalars and Vectors Many physical quantities are used in physics, which are divided into scalars and vectors. A scalar quantity is one that can be described by a single number (including any units) giving its size or magnitude. Examples: Time interval, distance, speed, volume, mass, temperature, and density. A quantity that deals inherently with both magnitude and direction is called a vector quantity. Examples: Force, weight, velocity, and displacement.

  7. Scalars and Vectors

  8. Vector Illustration Consider the following displacement vector of a car: The length of the vector arrow is proportional to the magnitude of the vector and the arrow represents the direction. In the text, bold face is used for vectors and italics is used for scalars. When hand written an arrow is placed above the symbol.

  9. Velocity Velocity is a vector. Velocity = Speed + Direction

  10. Acceleration Have you experienced acceleration?

  11. Acceleration • Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes.

  12. Acceleration

  13. Positive Acceleration

  14. Negative Acceleration

  15. Can a Car Be Accelerating When Its Speed Is Constant?

  16. Acceleration of a Sports Car • http://www.cars.com/go/crp/buyingGuides/Story.jsp?section=Sports&story=sportsQuickest&subject=stories&referer=&year=2005

  17. Free Fall Acceleration due to gravity affects the velocity of an object as it falls.

  18. Apparent Weightlessness

  19. Space Station http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/realdata/tracking/ Universal gravitational constant = G = 6.673 x 10-11 N.m2/kg2Mass of Earth = M = 5.98 x 1024Kg Radius of Earth = R = 6380 km Height of Mt. Everest = 8.85 km