Geography Basics

1. Geography Basics Chapter One

2. Pre Test • Fill out the 50 states without help from your neighbor.

3. Bellringer • Why is Geography important to you? • Do you think it is relevant?

4. Atlas • Take a look at the various atlas’ in the front of the book. Maps: http://video.about.com/geography/How-to-Read-a-Map.htm

5. Geography Basics • Defined as: The study of Earth and its people • This is studied in “themes” • Five in total

6. Place • Refers to where things are and what makes it distinctive

7. Location Refers to the position of a place This can be broken into two kinds: • Absolute: Exact spot on Earth you are • Relative: An approximate area

8. Human Environment Interaction • Studies the natural surroundings and its affects

9. Movement • Why goods, ideas, and people move from place to place

10. Regions • Refers to the areas of the world that have common things like people, resources, population, food, etc

11. Take 5 • Share one example of each theme with a partner • Be ready to share your answers with the class

12. Five Themes Game • Be the first group to identify the word as the correct theme and win! • I will say each word. When you know the answer raise your hand.

14. Time • Time is broken into blocks: • Year: 365 days • Decade: 10 yrs • Century: 100 yrs • Millenium: 1000 yrs

15. GPS and GIS • GPS: Global Positioning System – uses radio signals to determine an exact location • GIS: Global Information System – gathers, stores, and analyzes geographical information

16. Map Projections • Page 23 in your book: • Goodes Interrupted Knuckle Map • Robinsons Projection – Flat top and bottom • Mercator Projection – Flat Map • Winkel Triple Projection – Short Circle Map

17. Types of Maps • Physical: Shows landforms and water features • Political: Names and boundaries of countries • Historical: Show events over time • Contour: Has lines for change in elevation • Vegetation: Shows types of plants in a region

18. Latitude • Imaginary Circles that run East to West around the globe • AKA – parallels • The Equator is the center line • The letter N or S that follows the degree of latitude tells you if it is N or S of the equator • Example 60 N, 35 S

20. Longitude • Run from the S. Pole to the N. Pole • Known as Meridians • The Prime Meridian is ) degrees longitude and runs through Greenwich, England • The Letter E or W follows if it is East or West of the Prime Meridian

21. Lines of the World • Equator: The center parallel of the earth • Tropic of Cancer: The most Northern point the suns is centered on the earth: Summer solstice is that date: June 21st • Tropic of Capricorn: The most Southern point the suns is centered on the earth: Winter solstice is that date: Dec. 21st

22. Both the tropic of cancer and Capricorn are at 23.5 ° The Circles are at 66.5 °

23. Hemispheres • There are four hemispheres in the world

24. International Date Line • Is the 180 degree mark of longitude • It is half way around the world from the Prime Meridian Finding Location: To mark a spot on the earth you use both the latitude and longitude Example: Tokyo, Japan is 36 N 140 E

25. Map Drawing • Using all the information about the Earth we have learned so far lets draw them out on a map and see where they are.

26. Where am I? • Follow the instructions on the sheet provided for Longitude and Latitude lines

27. Continents • There are seven continents in the world: • Africa • Antarctica • Asia • Australia • Europe • North America • South America

28. Africa

29. Antarctica

30. Australia

31. Europe

32. Asia

33. South America

34. North America

35. US Time Zones

36. Reading Time Zones • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=widWLhIIbzs • See Time Zone Activity • 24 hrs a day = 24 time zones • 360 degrees/24 = 15 – Therefore every 15 degrees is a new time zone! • Lets practice

37. Major Oceans of the World • Pacific: The largest • Atlantic: Between Europe and N. America • Indian: Below India to Australia • Southern: North of Antarctica • Arctic: The Smallest

38. Climate and Weather • http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/climatechanging/climatescienceinfozone/exploringearthsclimate/1point1.aspx

39. Wind • Wind is caused by air pressure colliding with each other • When high and low pressure hit each other wind is felt here on earth

40. Weather • Made from differences in air pressure • Air pressure is made from air molecules. • High Pressure: More weight • Low Pressure: Less weight • On high pressure days there are less clouds because the weight keeps them from forming

41. Precipitation • Rain, Snow, Hail, and Sleet are all precipitation • They are formed in clouds • When dust particles meet water vapor in a cloud they are to big for the cloud to hold and they fall • Snow: Frozen particles • Sleet: Freeze on the way down to Earth • Hail: Rain droplets wont fall and keep freezing to each other then drop

42. Tornados • Caused by colliding winds and an unstable atmosphere • In the Great Plains dry air from the Rockies and Moist from the Gulf of Mexico collide

43. Hurricanes • Also called Typhoons or Cyclones. Only Atlantic storms are Hurricanes • If it is above the equator they spin counterclockwise, opposite for Southern storms • Moist air rises leaving low air at the surface. This rises and spins and its feeds itself. • More moist hot air means more storms and bigger storms

44. Hurricanes

45. Test Tomorrow • Be prepared on all material since the beginning of school • Five themes – Weather • Fill in the Blank • Matching • Multiple Choice • Short Answer • 100 Points