1 / 22

CH. 5 Macromolecules: part 2-proteins & nucleic acids

Dive into the fascinating world of macromolecules with a focus on proteins and nucleic acids. Proteins are the most structurally diverse group of molecules, crucial for nearly every biological function, including enzymatic reactions, cell communication, and immune defense. They are composed of amino acids that form polypeptide chains. Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, serve as the genetic blueprint for life, enabling information storage and replication. Together, these macromolecules shape every aspect of living organisms.

feo
Télécharger la présentation

CH. 5 Macromolecules: part 2-proteins & nucleic acids

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CH. 5 Macromolecules: part 2-proteins & nucleic acids Building Blocksof Life

  2. Multipurposemolecules Proteins

  3. Proteins • Most structurally & functionally diverse group • Function: involved in almost everything • enzymes (pepsin, DNA polymerase) • structure (keratin, collagen) • carriers & transport (hemoglobin, aquaporin) • cell communication • signals(insulin & other hormones) • receptors • defense (antibodies) • movement (actin & myosin) • storage (bean seed proteins)

  4. H2O Proteins • Structure • monomer =amino acids • 20 different amino acids • polymer =polypeptide • protein can be one or more polypeptide chains folded & bonded together • large & complex molecules • complex 3-D shape hemoglobin growthhormones Rubisco

  5. H O | —C— | H || C—OH —N— H Amino acids • Structure • central carbon • amino group • carboxyl group (acid) • R group (side chain) • variable group • different for each amino acid • confers unique chemical properties to each amino acid • like 20 different letters of an alphabet • can make many words (proteins) R Oh, I get it! amino = NH2 acid = COOH

  6. H2O peptidebond Building proteins • Peptide bonds • covalent bond between NH2 (amine) of one amino acid & COOH (carboxyl) of another • C–N bond dehydration synthesis

  7. hemoglobin collagen Protein structure & function • Function depends on structure • 3-D structure • twisted, folded, coiled into unique shape pepsin

  8. Proteindenaturation In Biology,size doesn’t matter, SHAPE matters! • Unfolding a protein • temperature • pH • Salinity • destroys functionality • some proteins can return to their functional shape after denaturation, many cannot

  9. Informationstorage Nucleic Acids

  10. proteins DNA Nucleic Acids • Function: • genetic material • stores information • genes • blueprint for building proteins • DNA  RNA  proteins • transfers information • blueprint for new cells • blueprint for next generation

  11. Nucleic Acids • Examples: • RNA (ribonucleic acid) • single helix • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) • double helix • Structure: • monomers = nucleotides DNA RNA

  12. Nucleic Acids • Examples: • RNA (ribonucleic acid) • single helix • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) • double helix • Structure: • monomers = nucleotides DNA RNA

  13. Nucleotides • 3 parts • nitrogen base (C-N ring) • pentose sugar (5C) • ribose in RNA • deoxyribose in DNA • phosphate(PO4)group Nitrogen baseI’m the A,T,C,G or Upart! Are nucleic acidscharged molecules?

  14. Types of nucleotides Purine = AG Pure silver! • 2 types of nucleotides • different nitrogen bases • purines • double ring N base • adenine (A) • guanine (G) • pyrimidines • single ring N base • cytosine (C) • thymine (T) • uracil (U)

  15. Pairing of nucleotides • Nucleotides bond between DNA strands • H bonds • purine :: pyrimidine • A :: T • 2 H bonds • G :: C • 3 H bonds Matching bases?Why is this important?

  16. DNA molecule • Double helix • H bonds between bases join the 2 strands • A :: T • C :: G H bonds?Why is this important?

  17. Copying DNA • Replication • 2 strands of DNA helix are complementary • have one, can build other • have one, can rebuild the whole Matching halves?Why is this a good system?

  18. When does a cell copy DNA? • When in the life of a cell does DNA have to be copied? • cell reproduction • mitosis • gamete production • meiosis

  19. DNA replication “It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material.” James Watson Francis Crick 1953

  20. Watson and Crick … and others… 1953 | 1962

  21. Maurice Wilkins… and… 1953 | 1962

  22. Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958)

More Related