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Scale, Socio-ecological Networks, Corruption and Patronage: Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Plant Resources in N

Scale, Socio-ecological Networks, Corruption and Patronage: Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Plant Resources in Nepal. Objectives. To analyse the perception of the people at different levels on plant resources in Nepal

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Scale, Socio-ecological Networks, Corruption and Patronage: Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Plant Resources in N

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  1. Scale, Socio-ecological Networks, Corruption and Patronage: Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Plant Resources in Nepal

  2. Objectives • To analyse the perception of the people at different levels on plant resources in Nepal • What is the role of the socio-ecological factors, for example, kin, friends and political networks, monetary flows and patronage, all work together and affect the sustainability of plant resources • To find out who is doing what

  3. Orchids • Sunakhari is an orchid, which is a plant of genera Dedrobium • Sunakhari is not in local medical use but was in trade • Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES) and Orchids • Sunakhari from Nepal has been exported in China. It is one of the top 50 herbs used in Traditional Chinese Medicine

  4. Why this ethnobotanical research? • An ethnobotanical research has not yet been conducted in this area, or indeed in Nepal as a whole • Ethnographic field work, participants observation, interviews

  5. Orchid journey through different levels Top level Kathmandu (Capital), policy, planning Middle level Hetauda, DFO, Traders Village level Dandabas, local people, Orchid

  6. Dandabas, a Tamang village in the Makawanpur district

  7. Dandabas 2010 – Village level • A school girl selling her orchids in village tea shop • A local collector collected up to 25 kilogrammes in one morning • A local trader described three different types of Sunakhari based on its price • A social worker said that his village was hell in the past...

  8. Sunakhari (three species of Dendrobium)

  9. Class one Sunakhari (Dendrobiumeriaeflorum) on sale in the village tea shop

  10. Hetauda – Middle level District Forest Office (DFO) Traders and local industries • We are just doing our job • We do what it is written on our work plan • Traders persuade collectors • DFO should provide trainings to the collectors • Legal money • Illegal money

  11. Kathmandu – Top level Department of Forest Ministry of Forest • Policy is not clear • We only look at trees • We have legal authority but do not have manpower to identify plants... • Frequent government changes lead changes in policy from govt to govt • Formed high level commission of 6 members, • 10 points procedures • Impose complete ban on Sunakhari collection • A study team and its report

  12. School girls carrying leaf debris from the forest

  13. People carrying fodder in a local bus

  14. Assumed three levels (bottom, middle and top) Government of Nepal may not even know a plant’s local uses. Top level DANIDA, DFID, DABUR, AUS AID may not even identify plant species, and are unaware of local ecosystems Media, Journalists Business representatives Political leaders Middle level District forest offices / officers Community Forestry User Groups NGO’s and CBO’s Village chieftains Local people have knowledge on slow growing nature of Taxusbut they are unaware of the commercial use of Taxus leaves Bottom level

  15. Thank you very much Queries, comments and feedbacks!!! This research is supported by the Rufford Small Grant Foundation for Nature Conservation; and partially supported by University Small Grants, University of Aberdeen and the Hardy Plant Society, UK.

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