Diseases of the Respiratory System

1. Diseases of the Respiratory System Pathology Department of SiChuan University Su Xueying

2. Normal structure of the respiratory tract

3. The lower respiratory tract

4. Respiratory mucosa

5. The respiratory system disease is very common • Emvironmental factors is important

6. Major aetiological factors in respiratory disease • Emvironmental Smoking Lung cancer Chronic bronchitis and emphysema Susceptibility to infection Air pollution Chronic bronchitis Susceptibility to infection Infection Influenza Pneumonia Tuberculosis Occupation Lung cancer Mesothelioma • Genetic Cystic fibrosis Some asthma

7. OUTLINE 1.Pulmonary Infections Bacteria Pneumonias Atypical Pneumonias Tuberculosis 2.Chronic Obstractive Lung Diseases (COPD) Emphysema Chronic Bronchitis 3.Bronchiectasis 4.Cor Pulmonale 5.Lung tumors

8. OUTLINE 1.Pulmonary Infections Bacteria Pneumonias Atypical Pneumonias Tuberculosis 2.Chronic Obstractive Lung Diseases (COPD) Emphysema Chronic Bronchitis 3.Bronchiectasis 4.Cor Pulmonale 5.Lung tumors

9. Definition Bacteriapneumonia is due to bacteria infection affecting distal airways, especially alveoli, with formation of an inflammatory exudate. often follows a viral upper respiratory tract infection

10. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) • Staphylococcus • Haemophilus influenzae • Klebsiella pneumoniae • Moraxella catarrhalis

11. Lobar pneumonia congestion stage red hepatization gray hepatization resolution Bronchopneumonia

13. Lobar pneumonia • Affects a large part, or the entirety of a lobe, frequently unilateral • Affects otherwise healthy adults between 20 and 50 years of age, males more than females • 90% due to Streptococcus pneumoniae

15. Stage of congestion Red, edematous

18. Red hepatization • Red • Solid • Consistency resembling fresh liver

19. Gray hepatization

20. Fibrinous pleuralitis

21. Gray hepatization • Dry • Pale • Firm

22. Gray hepatization

23. Resolution stage

24. Symptoms • High fever • Chills • Chest pain • Mucopurulent cough • with/without hemoptysis (rusty sputum) • Dyspnea

25. Bronchopneumonia(Lobular pneumonia) • Patchy consolidation • Centred on bronchioles or bronchi • Usually in infancy or old age • Usually secondary to pre-existing disease • Fever, cough

26. Bronchopneumonia

27. Bronchopneumonia

28. Bronchopneumonia

29. Bronchopneumonia

31. Outcomesof Pneumonia • Complete recovery • Complications developed Abscess formation Empyema Bacteremic dissemination • Organization

32. Empyema

33. Abscess formation

34. abscess formation

36. Organization

37. Diagnosis & Therapy Physical examination X-ray Blood culture Penicillin or other sensitive antibiotic treatment

38. X-Ray

39. Diagnosis & Therapy Physical examination X-ray Blood culture Penicillin or other sensitive antibiotic treatment

40. OUTLINE 1.Pulmonary Infections Bacteria Pneumonias Atypical Pneumonias Tuberculosis 2.Chronic Obstractive Lung Diseases (COPD) Emphysema Chronic Bronchitis 3.Bronchiectasis 4.Cor Pulmonale 5.Lung tumors

47. Atypical pneumonia • The concept was set forth in 1938 • The clinical course is unlike the “typical” bacteria pneumonia

48. Causes mycoplasma virus chlamydia

49. Gross morphology Red, congested Patchy or whole lobes

50. Microscopic characteristic the inflammatory reaction is largely confined within the walls of the alveoli, the septa are widened and edematous with mononuclear cells infiltration--- interstitial pneumonia