ROAD PAVEMENTS FORUM 7 th Meeting Update on State of Research

1. ROAD PAVEMENTS FORUM7th MeetingUpdate on State of Research CSIR Conference Centre 26 November 2003

2. Format of Presentation • New Research and Development Strategy of DST • CSIR – quo vadis research • Possible new process • CSIR-Transportek • Investments 2003/04; 2004/05 • Conclusions

3. 2002/2003 2004/2005 2005/2006 NATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 2002/2003 2004/2005 2005/2006 o UTLINE…

4. B ackground • Key (historical) R&D missions abandoned between 1990 and 1994. • White Paper on Science and Technology (1996) • R&D identified as cross-cutter in economic strategy adopted in January 2001 Lekgotla. • January 2002 Lekgotla resolves that the Economic Cluster will produce an R&D strategy for consideration.

5. P roblems to solve • Low investment in R&D (0.7% of GDP vs 2.5% OECD) • Strategic vulnerability of economy • Weak human resources base • 7 researchers per 10 000 members of our labour force (27 in Korea and 48 in Australia) • “Frozen” demographics • Declining private sector R&D • Inadequate intellectual property framework • Fragmented governance

6. F ramework for new plan • Consistent approach to all S&T and R&D functions in support of economic growth • Strategies informed by objective indicators to allow performance assessment • Strategies benchmarked against good practice globally and contextualised for national and regional efficacy • Key functions identified and resource allocations proposed

7. Quality of life Wealth Creation SET Human Capital Business performance Technical progress (Improvement and Innovation) Imported know-how Current R&D Capacity Future R&D capacity Framework for the new plan

8. Wealth Creation Quality of life • Technology based growth • Technology Achievement Index Business performance Technical progress (Improvement and Innovation) SET Human Capital • Technology/ trade mix • Key sector performance • New sectors (e.g. biotech) • Patents • Business R&D intensity • ICT uptake indicators Imported know-how • Researchers in workforce • Demographics of SET workforce Current R&D Capacity Future R&D capacity • Technology balance of payments • Share of publications • R&D intensity (investment) • University enrolments • S&T post-graduate degrees • University Exemptions in Maths and Science Indicators

9. Technology Achievement Index: Component view Source:UNDP 2001

10. Key Indicators

11. Scientific publications per million population

12. Number of publications by gender

13. Number of publications by race (%)

14. Research output – the ageing of the workforce

15. Investment and Outcomes

16. In summary • South Africa currently faces erosion of its S&T base and requires clear interventions to reverse this and ensure S&T plays a key role in and for the quality of lives of all our people • Wealth creation in modern economies is dependent on innovation, research and development. South Africa must grow its investment in this domain and strategically target resources to meet its objectives

17. Implementation of the New National S&T Strategy The three operational objectives of the strategy are: • Achieving mastery of technological change in our economy and society(Innovation) • Increasing investment in South Africa’s Science base (Human Capital and Transformation) • Strengthening and realigning the S&T machinery of government (Alignment and Delivery)

18. Establish technology missions • Technology missions • Basis of business growth (the key driver is innovation and improvement) • Creates new firms and technology platforms for industry • Links SET human resource to key industrial strategies • Allows industry to be a “smart buyer” of imported know-how

19. Potential technology missions • Poverty  alleviation and rural development • Key technology platforms • National Biotechnology Strategy • ICT • Advanced Manufacturing and Logistics (including plant, equipment and machinery); and • Technology and knowledge to leverage resource-based industries

20. Strategy Linkages • This component of the strategy links to: • Poverty alleviation and the Integrated Rural Development Strategy • the dti “Acceleating Growth and Development The Contribution of the Integrated Manufacturing Strategy • The R&D strategy of the Department of Agriculture • The Government’s ICT initiatives

21. Human Capital and Transformation • Investment in South Africa’s new scientists and science

22. Increasing investment in South Africa’s science base • Strengthening the generation new knowledge across science, engineering and technology • Unlocking the “frozen demographics” by creating a new generation of black and women scientists, engineers and technologists • Increasing our human capacity for participation in technological change • Targeting social sciences to support this national strategy

23. Strengthening human resources for SET • New science themes – generate enthusiasm among our youth and students for science in Africa • Centres of Excellence strategy and new funding to attract more students into SET (NRF) • Specific funds for NEPAD and Global science participation • Closer cooperation with DoE and Department of Labour • School level maths, computing and science • Public understanding and engagement • Tertiary research • Public mastery of S&T

24. Popularising Science • “Big” science in South Africa • Beyond a ‘facilities’ view to a “thematic” view • Captialise on “locational advantages” • Continental perspective • Integrate social sciences • The potential themes • Southern Oceans, Islands and Antarctic • Indigenous knowledge • Bio-resources/sciences • Astronomy and earth observation • Paleo-world

25. Increasing our human capacity • Unlock the “frozen” demographics by increasing intake of black and women students into SET • Work with Departments of Labour and Education on integrated SET human resource strategy • Develop NEPAD, SADC and AU networks of researchers • Work closely with global research and technology programmes • Work with Home Affairs on researcher mobility and retention of local skills

26. Alignment and delivery • Strengthening and realigning the S&T machinery of government

27. Strengthening and realigning the S&T machinery of government • Improving investment strategies for government’s SET institutions (knowledge infrastructure) • Improving the alignment of government’s S&T machinery with governmental responsibilities and purposes • Intervention for private sector research

28. Strengthening knowledge infrastructure • Enabling legislation for governance of the system • Better definition of line and cross-cutting responsibilities in S&T • Proper framework for integrating S&T and R&D planning across government • Budget responsibilities • Enabling legislation: Defining responsibilities for intellectual property from publicly financed research (with DTI) • Funding options for SET institutions (Core funding and Performance contracts)

29. Alignment with government purpose • 3-year government R&D plan “in sync” with MTEF captures vision and key targets • Line Department R&D plans • Key programmes, institutions, outputs • annual update • KPIs and reviews • Risk management, foresight capacity and budget integration in DACST • Standard governance/reporting framework for all S&T institutions (line, tertiary and cross-cutting)

30. Private sector interventions • Develop fiscal incentives for private sector R&D in line with the changes globally (DTI lead) • Support stronger provincial initiatives (CITI, CapeBioTech, Blue IQ, etc. to attract knowledge intensive activities to SA) • Create a dedicated fund for global technology sourcing (when not available in SA) by small and medium firms • DTI establishes enabling environment for venture capital (seed and early stage, high tech)

31. Private Sector (continued) • Link private sector strongly to the new technology missions and the national Foundation Technological Innovation • Attract global research capacities and knowledge intensive FDI (with support from Home Affairs and DTI)

33. Key roles from a resources perspective DACST: • Coherence and integration of government S&T (National R&D plan) • Science and technology vote (integration) • Cross-cutting institutions DoE and Labour: • NHRD Plan • R&D funding formula • Training levy (SET component) • Tertiary institutions • SETAs Line Departments: S&T (R&D) plan for competence area • Line budget for R&D • Line-specific S&T institutions

34. Our Mandate Constituted as a Science Council by an Act of Parliament: “In the national interest, the CSIR, through directed and multi-disciplinary research and technological innovation, should foster industrial and scientific development, either by itself, or in partnership with public or private sector institutions, to contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of the people in South Africa”. (and the region) (Extract from CSIR Act)

35. Our Vision To be the best in technology, leadership & partnering, and - through our people - to fight poverty, build global competitiveness and make an enduring difference in people’s lives

36. Problem Statement/ Objectives • We are not happy with the current state of Science and Technology at CSIR, and the rigour in our parliamentary grant funded projects • We want to improve the parliamentary grant allocation process • We want to improve career paths in S&T/ R&D • We want to improve our science base, our S&T outputs/ achievements/ relevance, outcomes and impact • We want to create space for new fields of S&T/ technology applications

37. Strategy • Strategy 2008 • Alignment with new National R&D strategy • Focus on SET Excellence • Accessing the Best Minds • Strategic management of innovation/ business excellence • Contribution to sustainable socio-economic development • CSIR as an agency of the state, an institution in the national system of innovation (NSI), understanding the landscape, with relevant strategic capacity to play its appropriate networked role in the NSI • CSIR’s role in redressing inequalities of the past, delivering on the goals of growth and development, through the use of science and technology

38. Business Plans Appropriate Stakeholder, Customer and Domain Expert input PG Investment and Review Framework Executive Small team chaired by Exec with significant stakeholder and Customer input Small team chaired by Exec with appropriate stakeholder input Investment Plans SET reviews, New initiatives SRP IAF Independent expert review Independent assessment Investment plans New Initiative Theme BU BU Theme BU RAP RAP RAP RAP RAP RAP

39. Research Advisory Panels The aim is provide domain specific guidance on stakeholder and market needs, and to give direction in terms of current and future S&T trends. Managed by BUs or Themes, typical levels of implementation • Level 1: • Input from at least an internal advisory panel • Level 2: • Input from advisory panel, with at least some internationally recognised experts • Level 3: • Full advisory panel with expert, industry, community, govt (including user groups, vested interest groups) advisory input or formal advisory structure

40. Parliamentary Grant Transportek • PG makes up approximately R14,3 million • No grant from NDoT • 1980s investment approximately R45m – R50m in 2003 rands • External Income R46 million • PG 24% total income • Technology management process for investment • PG invested strategically to ensure continued sustainability of BU and in line with CSIR’s mandate

41. Research Investment – Pavement Engineering (2003/04) • Technology development • Evaluation of low-volume pavements using marginal materials • A comprehensive mechanistic-empirical design method for unbound pavement layers • Development of appropriate tests for assessing cold in-place recycled materials (strain-at-break & Texas triaxial) • Rapid shear strength test device • Product development • Pavement Design and Analysis System (PADS; to be demonstrated at the US on Friday) • Finite element engine for flexible pavement analysis • SIM data knowledge base • Revision of the HVS database

42. Research Investment – Pavement Engineering (2004/05) • Technology development • A comprehensive mechanistic-empirical design method for unbound pavement layers (continued) • Durability of road construction materials • Techniques for controlling/reducing erosion • Test methods for predicting permanent deformation in HMA • Product development • PADS series (continued) • Finite element engine for flexible pavement analysis (continued) • Pavement design textbook

43. Conclusions • Positive indications that investment in R&D to increase – strategic focus • Indications from NDOT • New strategic research focus • Dedicated research programme to benefit of industry • Continuation of public/private participation • Process in place with SANRAL • CSIR • Strategy to ensure mandate being addressed • Peer reviews, S&T excellence • Without loss of business excellence

44. Conclusions • CSIR-Transportek • Re-introduction of advisory committees • Focus – peer review, S&T excellence • Looking at RPF to play a role (Infrastructure Engineering Programme) • Options • Expanded role of APT Steering Committee • Creation of new RPF Committee • Representation of RPF on RAC