Millennium Development Goals (MDG)

Millennium Development Goals(MDG) www.AssignmentPoin.com

 Why the MDGs ? The 1990s: a decade of faltering progress • progress continued • … but too slowly to reach agreed targets • … and progress slowing down • ….. need more care on • Under-5 mortality rate • Maternal mortality rate • Child malnutrition • Water and sanitation • Income poverty • Primary education MDGs are meant to accelerate progress www.AssignmentPoin.com

In Sep 2000, representatives of 189 countries met in New York at the U.N. Millennium Summit. The agreed binding outcome of the Summit was the Millennium Declaration. Rich countries are held accountable for providing greater support, i.e., scaling up ODA, providing more debt relief and allowing greater access to their markets So developing countries are motivated to adopt MDG development strategies A U.N. working group later supplemented the Declaration by devising a set of 8 Goals, which were eventually formulated as 21 Targets, which were measured by 60 Indicators. www.AssignmentPoin.com

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Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger(1.2 billion have less than $1 a day, 800 million are hungry) • Achieve universal primary education(113 million children are not in school) • Promote gender equality and empower women(60% of children not in school are girls, women have on average only 14% of seats in parliaments) • Reduce child mortality(every day 30,000 children die of preventable causes.) • Improve maternal health(In Africa, a woman has 1 chance in 13 of dying in childbirth) • Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases(40 million are living with HIV/AIDS, 75% of them in Africa) • Ensure environmental sustainability(1.1 billion people do not have access to clean water, over 2 billion to sanitation) • Develop a global partnership for development(ODA declined from 53 to 51 billion from 1990 to 2001) The millennium goals: an overview www.AssignmentPoin.com

MDG: Target and Indicators www.AssignmentPoin.com

Identifying MDG Progress(Numerical) • Rates of progress – actual rate • – required rate • Actual annual rate of progress - deprivation indicators (poverty, hunger, IMR…) • Xti - Xt0 Xt0 • t1-t0 • t0 – 1990 or closest year • t1 – most recent year • Xt0 – value of indicator in t0 year • Xt1 – value of indicator in t1 year www.AssignmentPoin.com

Required Rate of Progress (RP): α www.AssignmentPoin.com

Progress: Actual vs Required Rate www.AssignmentPoin.com

Eradicate Extreme Poverty Progress but created disparity in Bangladesh, However, the situation was not good in 2008. Gini coefficient in income increased from 0.259 in 1991 to 0.306 in 2000, Inequality increased in Bangladesh. www.AssignmentPoin.com

Reduce Child Mortality Higher progress in Bangladesh Under five mortality greatly reduced in Bangladesh because of rising awareness and expanding vaccination programs in both rural and urban areas. www.AssignmentPoin.com

Improve Maternal Health Higher progress in Bangladesh, Maternal mortality greatly reduced in Bangladesh because of expanding maternal health care programs both by government and NGOs. www.AssignmentPoin.com

Achieve Universal Primary Education Higher progress in Bangladesh Primary school enrollment in Bangladesh increased highly because of free distribution of books, food for education /stipend programs, ete. www.AssignmentPoin.com

Promote Gender Inequality Slow progress in Bangladesh, Disparity reduced in primary and secondary level but not much in tertiary education, It is, however, expanding because of government incentive programs www.AssignmentPoin.com

Ensure Safe Water Resource Slow Progress in Urban Bangladesh Actual progress for urban areas in Bangladesh is almost zero indicating that the availability of safe water resources are reversing in urban Bangladesh. www.AssignmentPoin.com

Millennium Development Goals (MDG)