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Understanding Sound and Structure in Poetry: Forms, Rhyme, and Rhythm

This chapter delves into the essential elements of sound and structure in poetry, focusing on the arrangement of ideas, images, and sentences. It introduces three broad forms of poems: Continuous, Stanzaic, and Fixed. The discussion includes the characteristics of sonnets—both Italian and English—and Villanelles. Key concepts such as rhyme types (masculine, feminine, approximate) and rhythmic elements (meter, accented syllables, caesuras) are explored to illuminate how poets use these techniques to enhance meaning and emotional impact.

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Understanding Sound and Structure in Poetry: Forms, Rhyme, and Rhythm

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  1. Poetry, Part II Sound and Structure (Pattern)

  2. Chapter 14, Perrine’s • Structure – the arrangement of ideas, images, thoughts, and sentences • Form – refers to the “shape” of the poem… internal order of materials and external shape. • Poems have three broad forms:A) Continuous B) Stanzaic C) Fixed

  3. More on Forms… • Continuous – lines follow one another without formal grouping; breaks are dictated by units of meaning. • Stanzaic – written in a series of stanzas; repeated units have the same number of lines and often identical rhyme scheme. (More formal pattern) • Fixed – traditional pattern (i.e. sonnet)

  4. Sonnets • Sonnet - classified as a fixed form; 14 lines in length (usually iambic pentameter). A) Most sonnets follow two models: Italian or English • Italian (Petrarchan)- divided between eight lines called the octave. Rhyme = abbaabba or six lines/ setset = cdcdcd and cdecde • Division between octave and setset corresponds to a division in thought.

  5. Sonnets • English (Shakespearean) – consists of 3 quatrains[4 line stanza] and a concluding couplet. • Division is marked by the development of thought.

  6. Villanelle • Villanelle – Fixed Form; 19 lines consisting of five tercets rhymed aba [3 line stanza] and a concluding quatrain rhymed abaa.

  7. Rhyme… • Rhyme – repetition of accented vowel sound and any succeeding consonant soundsA) Masculine – rhyme sounds involves only one syllable (decks and sex or support and retort)B) Feminine – rhyme sounds involve two or more syllables (turtle and fertile or spitefully and delightfully)

  8. Rhyme… • Approximate – (slant rhymes) words with any kind of sound similarity(lightly and frightfully or yellow and willow) • Internal – one or more rhyming words within the line • End – rhyming words at the ends of lines • Refrain – repetition of whole words, phrases, lines, or groups of lines (mostly songs)

  9. Rhythm and Meter • Rhythm – any wavelike recurrence of motion or sound; the natural rise and fall of language. • Accented (stressed) one or more syllables receiving prominence in pronunciation. • Rhetorical Stresses – stressing of words so as to emphasize meaning. (ex. I don’t believe YOU) • Caesuras – pauses within lines (grammatical or rhetorical) – a way to vary rhythm in lines.

  10. Rhythm and Meter • Meter – identifying characteristic of rhythmic language.

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