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Various Approaches to crime prevention and control Study Unit 1.1

Various Approaches to crime prevention and control Study Unit 1.1. Definition of Crime Prevention and Control. Prevention : Criminology: measures taken by the government and private to combat crime

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Various Approaches to crime prevention and control Study Unit 1.1

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  1. Various Approaches to crime prevention and controlStudy Unit 1.1

  2. Definition of Crime Prevention and Control • Prevention: Criminology: measures taken by the government and private to combat crime • Prevention also means different things for different people such as police may believe that preventing crime will be through road blocks, search-and-seizure operations. To a social worker it may mean setting up projects to re-integrate youth. • Control: Measures taken by the CJS to combat crime

  3. Crime Prevention • Crime prevention is not a new phenomenon. • For some communities and for some time crime prevention has been seen as the task of the CJS – becoming more of a community issue • From the 1960’s crime prevention has moved away from the CJS and more towards informal community based approach • Why can’t the police sort it out? • Tuck believes that the shift could be occurring because of a lack of trust in the police

  4. History of Crime prevention • Roman and French – military • 1066 – England – male citizens – they had to police each other • Watch and Ward – men watching the city at night • The public had to arrest the offender • 1700 – Thief takers – English Magistrates • Selected from reformed offenders • Sole responsibility was to prevent / deal with crime • Were paid for their services – recovery of property • Sir Robert Peel – 1829 – Metro Police

  5. USA – 1971 – established National Crime Prevention Institute • Gov – took charge of this in 1986 – with intent to involve communities • England – local crime panels – 1966 • Home office crime prevention centre and research and planning – 1983 • European countries • France since 1983 • Sweden since 1970’s

  6. SA – NCPP/S – 22 May 1996 Advocates as integrated, multidimensional crime prevention model with interdepartmental operations Made up of 4 pillars

  7. Four Pillars of the NCPS Integrated Criminal Justice Pillar Crime prevention by means of environmental design Promotion of community values and education Prevention of transnational crimes

  8. Concept of crime prevention models / approaches Refers to a deliberate methods, plans and actions aimed at preventing / controlling crime Each model has identifiable programs Prevention models based on specific theories however it is possible to implement programs that there is no theoretical base.

  9. Formal and Informal approaches to Prevention • Formal is based with the CJS – such as USA and informal is more community based. • South Africa adopted the NCP Plan on the 22 May 1996 • The plan states there needs to be an integrated, multi-dimensional crime prevention model for interdepartmental operation • Local community experts must also be involved • The comprehensive model must include the four pillars • Preventing crime by effective environ planning & design • Enhancing community values and educating the community • Transnational crime prevention • Effective and integrated CJS • Trafficking would be 1. Border control • 2. Educate people concerning trafficked victims • 3. Again border control • 4. Educate the police and the CJS on the rights of victims.

  10. Social Crime Prevention Model • Hawkins and Weis state that this model consists of a comprehensive developmental approach • Model asserts that learning conditions should increase attachment to others and commitment to conforming behaviours • Positive socialization is best when youths are involved in conforming activities • Based on the social development model • Improve communities • Integrates the social control theory (Hirschi) and Social Learning Theory (Sutherland) • Comprehensive developmental approach – prevent youth crime • Social • Crime • Its short comings are as follows: • Designed to help vulnerable group • Teaching the youths to adopt the norms and values of their community

  11. Factors crucial to successful crime prevention USA – development progs England 1st restricted opportunities then comprehensive 5 Main factors needed State & community involvement Multidimensional approach Based on causation theories & factors Uniqueness of crime patterns Proper planning & evaluation

  12. Hawkins & Weis Comprehensive developmental approach to preventing youth crime

  13. Change social conditions that are believed to sustain crime in residential areas Assumption: If potential offenders are made aware of risks = reduce crime • Flat, Farm watches • Citizen patrols • Safe houses • Alarms • Telephone networks Community Based Prevention Model Successful in preventing robbery, burglary, car theft

  14. Biophysical Prevention Model Inner process or conditions that characterise human beings Early identification and treatment of crimes and criminals NB is children with problems Combination of treatment Such as medical treatment for children with visual problems combined with psychological treatment to deal with the feelings of inferiority

  15. Psychological Crime Prevention Model • Inner Psychological needs / disorders that contribute to crime • Regarded as an outcome of inner (psychic) disorders originate in childhood • Attention paid to interpersonal (interpsychic) probs and poor communication • Treatments: • Psyche tests • Psychotherapy • Reality Therapy • Behaviour modification • Crisis intervention • Social casework

  16. Integrated Crime Prevention Models • Focus on a Particular Crime (child Abuse) • Child Abuse – Alcohol Abuse - Rehab - Inadequate parenting - Training - Social skills - Training - Frustration – Psychological treatment - Problem behav of child – Psychological Treatment - Unemployment – help to find jobs

  17. Integrated Crime Prevention: Crime prevention & control by means of the CJS CJS is related to legislation, functions of the police, courts, correctional services = CRIME CONTROL Departments are closely related – effective coop is needed Laws regulate human behaviour & laws must be just Police must combat crime – terms of the constitution Courts impose punishment Correctional services – rehabilitate offenders Rights of the victims are important

  18. Successful crime prevention programs

  19. Sherman, Gottfredson, MacKenzie, Eck, Reuter, Bushway Crime Prevention

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