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Basic Soil Processes and their Impacts: Understanding Soil Dynamics

Explore the four basic processes that occur in the soil - additions, losses, translocations, and transformations - and their effects on soil composition and health. Learn about the slow weathering of minerals, decomposition, and the role of organic and mineral materials in soil processes.

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Basic Soil Processes and their Impacts: Understanding Soil Dynamics

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  1. Getting the Dirt on Soils:4 Basic Soil Processes

  2. General Pathway Very slowly weathered minerals: quartz, muscovite Continued disintegration Resistant primary minerals; quartz Disintegration into minerals (physical breakdown) Slowly weathered minerals: feldspar, biotite Alteration – P &C Silicate clays Decomposition Easily weathered minerals: calcite, augite, hornblende ROCKS Decomposition and recombination Decomposition (chemical breakdown) Other silicate clays Decomposition, oxidation, hydration Oxides of Fe , Al Solution Organic complexes of Al3+ , Fe3+ Organic acid solution Solution Hydrolysis Silicic Acid Soluble materials – Ca2+ Mg2+ K+ Fe2+ SO42- Solution

  3. Soils are Dynamic What are the 4 basic processes that occur in the soil?

  4. Additions (+) • Material(s) that can be added to the soil • Organic • Mineral • Nutrients • Water • Specific processes • Leaf fall (litter) • Rain and Snow (precipitation) • Fertilization • Deposition

  5. Losses (-) • Material(s) removed from the soil body • Organic • Mineral • Nutrients • Water • Specific processes • Leaching • Erosion • Plant Uptake • Evaporation • Evapotranspriation (ET)

  6. Translocations (↕) • Material(s) moved within the soil body • Organic • Mineral • Nutrients • Water • Specific processes • Eluviation • Illuviation • Salt and movement of other soluble materials • Water infiltration • Burrowing • Mechanical disturbances

  7. Transformations (↔) • Material(s) altered within the soil body • Organic • Mineral • Nutrients • Water • Specific processes • Decomposition • Freeze-thaw • Compaction • Dissolving solids • Mineral formation

  8. Examples

  9. Dust Bowl

  10. Questions?

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