1. Land Biomes

2. Land Biomes Biome- geographic areas that have similar climates and ecosystems

3. Land Biomes The 6 most common biomes are: • Tundra • Taiga • Temperate Deciduous Forest • Tropical Rain Forest • Grassland (Prairie, Tropical Savanna, Chapparal) • Desert

4. Land Biomes

5. Tundra Found in parts of Canada, Alaska, and Siberia

6. Tundra – “The Cold Desert” • Found at latitudes around the North Pole • Less than 25 cm precipitation yearly • Very cold year round (-40ºC in winter) • Cold, dry, treeless region

7. Tundra – “The Land of the Midnight Sun” • Winter lasts 6 to 9 months with no daylight • Summer is short and cold with 24 hours of sunlight a day

8. Tundra- • Soil is poor • Permafrost • Layer of permanently frozen soil

9. Plants of the Tundra Tundra plants are resistant to drought and cold Examples: • Reindeer moss (a lichen!) • Lichens • True mosses • Grasses • Small shrubs and flowers

10. Plants of the Tundra • Reindeer moss – It’s a lichen!

11. Plants of the Tundra • Lichens

12. Plants of the Tundra • Lichen

13. Plants of the Tundra • True Mosses

14. Plants of the Tundra • Small shrubs and flowers

15. Plants of the Tundra • Small shrubs and flowers

16. Plants of the Tundra • Small shrubs and flowers

17. Plants of the Tundra • Grasses

18. Animals of the Tundra Many animals of the tundra migrate there during the short summer Examples: • Biting insects • Snowy owls • Arctic hares • Caribou • Musk oxen • Lemmings

19. Animals of the Tundra • Biting insects Mosquito Blackfly

20. Animals of the Tundra • Snowy owl

21. Animals of the Tundra • Arctic hare

22. Animals of the Tundra • Caribou – “Reindeer”

23. Animals of the Tundra • Musk oxen

24. Animals of the Tundra • Lemmings

25. Animals of the Tundra • Lemmings

26. Taiga or Coniferous Forest Found in parts of Canada, Alaska, and Russia

27. Taiga or Coniferous Forest • World’s largest land biome • Latitudes between 50ºN and 60ºN

28. Taiga- • Warmer and wetter than the Tundra • Winters are long and cold • 35 to 40 cm of precipitation yearly (mostly snow)

29. Plants of the Taiga There is no permafrost, so trees can grow. Mosses and lichens grow on the forest floor. Examples: • Cone-bearing Evergreen trees • Firs • Spruces • Pines • Hemlocks • Cedars

30. Plants of the Taiga • Fir tree

31. Plants of the Taiga • Spruce tree

32. Plants of the Taiga • Hemlock tree

33. Plants of the Taiga • Liverwort (a moss)

34. Plants of the Taiga • Mosses

35. Animals of the Taiga Many animals live in the Taiga. Examples: • Moose • Black Bear • Lynx • Wolves • Badgers • Wolverines • Ermines • Deer

36. Animals of the Taiga • Moose

37. Animals of the Taiga • Black bear

38. Animals of the Taiga • Lynx

39. Animals of the Taiga • Wolf

40. Animals of the Taiga • Badger

41. Animals of the Taiga • Wolverine

42. Temperate Deciduous Forest Found in Europe, the eastern part of the U.S.A., and China

43. Temperate Deciduous Forest • Found below 50ºN latitude • 75 to 150 cm precipitation yearly

44. Temperate Deciduous Forest • Wide range of temperatures with 4 seasons • Below freezing in winter to 30ºC in summer

45. Temperate Deciduous Forest • Soil is rich in nutrients from layers of decomposing leaves

46. Temperate Deciduous Forest • Layers of vegetation • Canopy • Understory • Forest floor

47. Layers of Vegetation Canopy- tree tops that shade the ground below Understory- shrub layer Forest floor- dark and moist layer of dead leaves, twigs, and seeds

48. Layers of Vegetation Canopy

49. Layers of Vegetation Understory

50. Layers of Vegetation Forest floor