The Periodic Table

1. The Periodic Table Grade 10 Science

2. Arranging Elements • Demitri Mendeleev – Looked at all the different elements and decided they needed to be put into some sort of order. • When organizing the elements he began to find similar patterns repeating in the elements. • “periodic” means something that repeats, patterns

3. By following the patterns, scientist began to look for elements that filled in holes on the periodic table. Eventually, new elements were found to fill in the holes on the periodic table.

4. Element Squares Atomic Number 1 H ChemicalSymbol Element Name Hydrogen 1.0 Atomic Mass Each element is presented on a square, the information within that square provides scientist with a lot of information.

5. Extended Periodic table

6. On your table use a black marker to show where the extended table fits on your periodic table.

7. Make sure you are keeping a legend at the bottom of your periodic table!

8. Classes of Elements • Elements have 3 different categories • Metals • Found to the left of the zigzag line, most of them are solids • Non-metals • Found to the right of the zigzag line, more than half are gases at room temperature • Metalloids • Border the zigzag line, share properties of metals and non-metals.

9. Overall Trends • 3 categories of elements • Metals • Non metals • Metalloids • Recall that each of these categories of elements share physical and chemical characteristics. • On your periodic table shade in the following • Draw the zigzag with red marker • Metalsblue • Non- metals green • Metalloids red

10. Metalloids Metals Non-Metals

11. States of Elements • The states of the elements at normal temperature (0⁰C) and pressure. • Liquids – 80 & 35 Trace those elements in purple • Gases – 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 17, 18, 36, 54, 86  Trace the gases in Orange

12. States

13. Organizing Elements • The periodic table is organized in ways to help chemists understand the various properties of the elements. • Can you remember what are examples of the physical and chemical properties of elements?

14. Groups • Group or Family : Vertical column • All elements in the same group share chemical properties • On your periodic table label the groups 1 18 • Some of these groups are given names because they share an important characteristic

15. Alkali Metals Nobel Gases

16. Group 1: Alkali Metals One valence electron Most reactive Often stored in oil Found in nature in compounds Properties: soft, silver colour, shiny Group 18 - Nobel Gases 8 valence electrons Unreactive Gases Small amounts in atmosphere Properties: colourless, odourless, Special Groups

17. Groups Group 1 = 1 electron Except for He, it has 2 electrons Group 2 = 2 electrons • Each column is called a “group” 3,4,5,6,7 • Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”. • The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons”

18. Patterns: Groups Elements in: Group 1 have 1 valence electron (outer shell) 7 missing to be full - VERYREACTIVE Group 17 have 7 valence electrons 1 missing to be full - REACTIVE Group 18 have 8 valence electrons Full shell - STABLE

19. Periods • Periods: horizontal rows on the periodic table • Elements in the same period share physical properties • Label Periods 1 7 on your periodic table

20. Periods • Each row is called a “period” • The elements in each period have the same number of shells 1st Period = 1 Shell 2nd Period = 2 Shells 3rd Period = 3 Shells 4th Period = 4 Shells

21. SO what!? Helps identify the chemical and physical properties of elements. The periodic table helps scientists predict how elements will react with one another. Helps to identify elements that are missing.

22. Brainpop • http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/periodictableofelements/ • http://www.nclark.net/Meet_the_Elements.html