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Brian Polagye NW National Marine Renewable Energy Center Tidal Hydrokinetic Energy Overview Western Energy Institute Fal

Brian Polagye NW National Marine Renewable Energy Center Tidal Hydrokinetic Energy Overview Western Energy Institute Fall Meeting September 11, 2009. Tidal Hydrokinetic Power. Overview. Like a wind turbine…. …but underwater. 001,09-11-09,WEI.ppt. Tidal hydrokinetic power is not….

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Brian Polagye NW National Marine Renewable Energy Center Tidal Hydrokinetic Energy Overview Western Energy Institute Fal

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  1. Brian PolagyeNW National Marine Renewable Energy Center Tidal Hydrokinetic Energy Overview Western Energy Institute Fall MeetingSeptember 11, 2009

  2. Tidal Hydrokinetic Power Overview Like a wind turbine… …but underwater 001,09-11-09,WEI.ppt

  3. Tidal hydrokinetic power is not… Overview Tidal Barrage Wave Power High Cost Large Environmental Footprint 002,09-11-09,WEI.ppt

  4. Comparisons Overview Other Options Tidal Power Visual NIMBY Submerged Unpredictable Deterministic CO2 Emissions No Emissions Intermittent Intermittent Environmental Impact Unknown Impact 003,09-11-09,WEI.ppt

  5. Resource • Devices • Environmental Effects

  6. Intermittent Predictability Resource • Deterministic: prediction, not a forecast • Intermittent: four cycles each day of varying strength 004,09-11-09,WEI.ppt

  7. Spatial Variability Resource 005,09-11-09,WEI.ppt

  8. United States Resource Resource • Requires narrow channel connecting two (large) bodies of water • Utility-scale resource in Alaska, Puget Sound, Maine • Technically recoverable resource estimated ~9 GW average electrical power 006,09-11-09,WEI.ppt

  9. Resource • Devices • Environmental Effects

  10. Industry Status Devices • Many device concepts and laboratory tests • Very limited at-sea testing • Long regulatory process • High execution cost/limited funding to field test • Two existing (or nearly complete) field test centers • European Marine Energy Center (Orkney Islands, Scotland) • Fundy Demonstration Project (Nova Scotia) 008,09-11-09,CNO.ppt

  11. Common Elements Devices Devices Power train • Gearbox-generator • Direct drive generator Rotor Mooring • Rigid (pile or truss) • Compliant (chain or cable) Foundation • Penetrating pile(s) • Gravity anchor Power take-off 007,09-11-09,WEI.ppt

  12. Clean Current Devices Race Rocks pilot project • 3 m diameter • 48 kW @ 2.5 m/s 011,09-11-09,CNO.ppt

  13. Verdant Power KHPS (Kinetic Hydropower System) Devices Roosevelt Island Tidal Energy project • 5 m diameter • 54 kW @ 2.5 m/s 009,09-11-09,CNO.ppt

  14. Open Hydro Devices EMEC pilot test • 6 m diameter • 128 kW @ 2.5 m/s 012,09-11-09,CNO.ppt

  15. Marine Current Turbines SeaGen Devices Strangford Lough commercial prototype • 16 m diameter (x2) • 1.4 MW @ 2.5 m/s 010,09-11-09,CNO.ppt

  16. Key Technical Challenges Devices • Reliability – unplanned maintenance incurs high cost • Survivability – harsh operating environments • Biofouling – biologically active environments • Deep water installation – most sites deeper than 40 m 013,09-11-09,CNO.ppt

  17. Resource • Devices • Environmental Effects

  18. Near-field Effects Environment Disruption in immediate vicinity of turbine Local changes to physical environment Change Effect Species avoidance Species aggregation Scour and sedimentation Sensory disruption Low-level toxicity Strike Noise Artificial reef Wake EMF Fouling paints Rotating machinery 016,09-11-09,CNO.ppt

  19. Near-field Instrumentation Environment CTD (conductivity, temperature, and depth) Acoustic release (redundant recovery) 300 kHz ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler - velocity) VEMCO recorder (tagged fish species) T-POD recorder (porpoise clicks) Hydrophone (background noise) Lead Weight (600 lbs) 017,09-11-09,CNO.ppt

  20. Far-field Effects Environment Increased flow resistance due to power extraction Wide-area changes to tidal regime Change Effect Nearshore ecology Flushing, sedimentation Mixing Resource intensity Tides (amplitude and timing) Transport (amplitude and timing) Power Dissipation Kinetic Power Density 014,09-11-09,CNO.ppt

  21. Far-field Effect Example Environment Tidal range impact of 145 MW plant M2 amplitude change (mm) 015,09-11-09,CNO.ppt

  22. Cost-Benefit Evaluation Environment Changes to tidal regime (transport, range, mixing) ? Changes to physical environment (sedimentation, dissolved oxygen) ? Species impact (fish, marine mammals) 018,09-11-09,CNO.ppt

  23. Questions? NW National Marine Renewable Energy CenterWave: http://nnmrec.oregonstate.edu Tidal: http://depts.washington.edu/nnmrec Partial funding for this work is provided by the US Department of Energy

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