Enumclaw Fire Department Initial/Annual Safety Training

1. Enumclaw Fire Department Initial/Annual Safety Training

2. Course Objectives After completing this course, the student will be able to: • Describe how and when to report injuries (WAC 296-305-01505) • Locate first-aid facilities in the Fire Station(WAC 296-305-01505) • Locate Emergency Exits (WAC 296-305-01505) After completing this course, the student will have an basic knowledge of: • Emergency Procedures while at Fire Stations (WAC 296-305-01505) • Use and care of required PPE (WAC 296-305-01505) • Chemical Hazard Communication Program (WAC 296-305-01505) • The Fire Department total Safety Program (WAC 296-305-01505) • Safety practices for specific tasks (WAC 296-305-01505)

3. References • WAC 296-305 Safety Standard for Firefighters • WAC 296-823 Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens • EFD Safety Policy 01 • EFD Safety Policy 02 • EFD Safety Policy 11 • EFD Policy 21 Operation of Vehicles • NFPA 1500 • 2007 EMT Patient Care Protocol (current standing orders)

4. Injury Reporting

5. Injury Reporting • Safety Policy 01 – Injury and Illness Reports for Firefighters • You MUST report injuries or illness that result from occupational accidents or occupational exposures • Forms are part of Safety Policy 01 • Copies are available on the Safety Boards • Fatalities or probable fatality report immediately • A fact finding investigation may need to be completed.

6. Injury Reporting Safety 1.1.2 Whenever an occupational accident causes injury or illness to a member/employee, or whenever a member/employee becomes aware of an illness apparently caused by occupational exposure, it shall be the duty of such member/employee, or someone on his/her behalf, to report the injury or illness to the Fire Chief before the end of his/her duty period, but not more than twenty-four hours after the incident. Safety 1.2.2 All members/employees will comply with injury and illness policies and protocols.

7. Accident Reporting

8. Accident Reporting • Safety Policy 01 – Injury and Illness Reports for Firefighters • Accidents involving damage to equipment or property need to be reported. • Report accident to supervisor, supervisor to fill out forms. Refer to EFD Policy 21. • Forms are part of Safety Policy 01 • Copies are available on the Safety Boards • An fact finding accident investigation may need to be completed.

9. Reporting of unsafe conditions

10. Reporting of unsafe conditions • Non time critical unsafe conditions can be reported using record of hazard observed forms located on safety boards and turned into the appropriate box. • Unsafe conditions on emergency scenes should be reported up the chain of command. • Other unsafe conditions should be reported to your supervisor or to the Health and Safety Officer.

11. General Safety

12. First Aid Station Locations • Station 1 • Near wash station and in maintenance bay • Station 2 • Apparatus bay next to Safety Board and in Kitchen • Station 3 • Apparatus bay next to Safety Board • All Fire Stations have eye wash stations This is required to be part of this training per WAC 296-305-01505 (3) (a) (i)

13. Emergency Exits and Procedures • Classroom exits are to the back and side • Exit signage has been removed from the station, excluding sleeping quarters, to be compliant with the IFC. Contact FF Fehr for questions about exit signage. • Generally use exit the way you go into a building, be aware of alternate means of egress. This is required to be part of this training per WAC 296-305-01505 (3) (a) (iv)

14. Emergency Procedures • Dial 911 for Fire, Medical and Police • Station 1 • Main Electrical Disconnect located on new ATS • Generator automatically starts on power failure • Main Gas Shut off is in Alley • Main Water valve is in Furnace room and/or next to flag pole • Non City PBX phone in Watch Room

15. PPE

16. PPE • EFD Safety Policy 11 • 11.1.6 Members shall not wear any clothing that is determined to be unsafe due to poor thermal stability or poor flame resistance when engaged in or exposed to the hazards of structural fire fighting.

17. PPE • EFD Safety Policy 11 • 11.1.6.1 Because it is impossible to ensure that every member will respond to an incident in a station/work uniform, or will change out of fabrics that have poor thermal stability or ignite easily, before donning protective garment, the Training Officer shall inform members of the hazards of fabrics that melt, drip, burn, stick to the skin and cause burns to the wearer due to poor thermal stability or poor flame resistance.

18. PPE • WAC 296-305-02001 (5) (d) • Members shall not wear any clothing that is determined to be unsafe due to poor thermal stability or poor flame resistance when engaged in or exposed to the hazards of structural fire fighting. Because it’s impossible to ensure that every member will respond to an incident in a station/work uniform or will change out of fabrics that have poor thermal stability or ignite easily, before donning protective garments, the fire department shall inform members of the hazards of fabrics that melt, drip, burn, stick to the skin and cause burns to the wearer due to poor thermal stability or poor flame resistance.

19. PPE • NFPA 1500 Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program 2007 Edition • 7.1.6 While on duty, members shall not wear any clothing that is unsafe due to poor thermal stability.

20. PPE • Examples clothing with poor thermal stability: • Polyester • Nylon • Some Dept. Issued Uniform Shirts • Examples of clothing with good thermal stability: • 100% Cotton • Garments meeting NFPA 1975

21. Use And Care of PPE • It is your responsibility to wear proper PPE • Bunker Gear, Boots, Helmet, SCBA, Gloves, Glasses, Goggles, Face shield, N95, Traffic Vests, EMS Gowns • It is your responsibility to select proper PPE • It is your responsibility to clean your PPE • It is your responsibility to decon your PPE

22. EMS PPE • Fire fighters shall don emergency medical gloves prior to initiating any emergency patient care. (WAC 296-305-02501 (2)) • Fire fighters shall don emergency medical garments and emergency medical face protection devises prior to any patient care during which splashes of body fluids can occur such as situations involving spurting blood or childbirth. (WAC 296-305-02501 (3))

23. EMS PPE • Contaminated emergency medical garments, emergency medical face protection, gloves, devices, and emergency medical gloves shall be cleaned and disinfected, or disposed of, in accordance with chapter 296-823 WAC, Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens. (WAC 296-305-02501 (4))

24. EMS PPE • Tuberculosis (TB) exposure and respiratory protection requirements. • (a) Fire fighters shall wear a particulate respirator (PR) when entering areas occupied by individuals with suspected or confirmed TB, when performing high risk procedures on such individuals or when transporting individuals with suspected or confirmed TB in a closed vehicle. • (b) A NIOSH-approved, 95% efficient particulate air respirator is the minimum acceptable level of respiratory protection. • (i) Fit tests are required. • (ii) Fit tests shall be done in accordance with chapter 296-842 WAC. WAC 296-305-02501 (15)

25. EMS PPE • PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) • Gloves and eye protection should be worn for every patient. • FULL PPE for possible infectious contacts • Donning Sequence (MEGG) • Mask* > Eye Protection > Gown > Gloves • Mask patient (if possible) • Doffing (removal) Sequence • Gloves > Gown > Hand cleaner • Eye Protection > Mask > Hand cleaner • Handle as contaminated waste • Decon Eye Protection *Fit tested 2007 EMT Patient Care Protocol (current standing orders)

26. EMS PPE • INFECTIOUS DISEASE PREVENTION • HANDWASHING • Hand washing is the most effective way to prevent transmission of infectious disease. • Wash Hands • After patient contact • Before eating, drinking, smoking or handling food • Before & after using the bathroom • After cleaning or checking equipment 2007 EMT Patient Care Protocol (current standing orders)

27. Structural PPE Safety 11.1.3 Protective clothing shall be used and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. This requirement applies to personnel’s personally owned protective garments authorized for use. Safety 11.1.5 Personal protective clothing shall be of a type specified by NIOSH, MSHA, NFPA, ANSI or as specifically referenced in WAC 296-305. Safety 11.2.1.3 Each member/employee is responsible for the proper use, care and maintenance of assigned PPE. Safety 11.3.3.5 Inspection intervals and washing of PPE shall not exceed 6 (six) months.

28. Hazard Communication Program

29. Hazard Communication • This section will cover the following: • What are hazardous chemicals, • How do hazardous chemicals affect the body, • what are the different types of hazardous chemicals, • what is on product labels, • what are material safety data sheets • How to protect yourself from hazardous chemicals. 1

30. Hazard Communication What is hazard communication? Hazard communication or “hazcom” is our program where we tell you about the hazardous chemicals used in our workplace. We will also train you on how to protect yourself from the effects of these hazardous chemicals. Hazcom training is required by WISHA.

31. Hazard Communication What is a “hazardous chemical”? A hazardous chemical is any chemical that can do harm to your body. Most industrial chemicals can harm you at some level. It depends how much gets into your body.

32. Hazard Communication How do hazardous chemicals affect the body? • The effect a certain chemical has on the body depends on several factors: • The physical form of the chemical • How the chemical enters the body • The amount of chemical that actually enters the body - the dose • How toxic (poisonous) the chemical is

33. Types of Chemicals The Three Forms of Chemicals • All chemicals exists in one of three forms: • Solid • Liquid • Gas

34. Types of Chemicals Solids - Dusts • Dust or powder can be released into the air by cutting, drilling, grinding or sanding and inhaled. • Dust can also be stirred up by dry sweeping and inhaled.

35. Types of Chemicals Solids – Fumes and Fibers • Fumes are extremely small droplets of metal formed when the metal has been vaporized by high temperatures (usually welding) • Some compounds are fibers which can be similar to dusts but they have an elongated shape (like asbestos or fiberglass) 7

36. Types of Chemicals Solids - Dust • Dust in the air can settle out on work surfaces, cups, plates, utensils, and food. • The settled dust can be swallowed with food or drinks.

37. Types of Chemicals Liquids • Liquids can come into direct contact with the skin and be absorbed into the body. • Liquids can be sprayed and form mists or evaporate and form vapors which can be inhaled.

38. Types of Chemicals Liquids (Mists) • Mists can also be inhaled. • Mists can settle on the skin and be absorbed. • Airborne mists can also settle out and contaminate food or drink. 10

39. Types of Chemicals Gases and Vapors • Gases are chemicals that are in the gas phase at room temperature. • Vapors evaporate from substances that are liquids or solids at room temperature. • Gases and vapors enter the body by inhalation. 11

40. How Chemicals Enter the Body There Are Three Routes of Entry: • Ingestion – swallowing the chemical • Inhalation – breathing in the chemical • Absorption – the chemical soaks through the skin 12

41. How Chemicals Enter the Body Ingestion (Swallowing) • Chemicals that are swallowed are absorbed in the digestive tract. • Chemicals can rub off dirty hands and contaminate food, drinks or tobacco products. • Chemicals in the air can settle on food or drink and be swallowed. 13

42. How Chemicals Enter the Body Inhalation (Breathing) • Airborne chemicals are breathed in through the mouth or nose. • The size of particles or droplets can affect where the chemical settles in the respiratory tract. • Where the chemical settles in the respiratory tract determines what symptoms or diseases will develop. 14

43. How Chemicals Enter the Body Skin Absorption • Some chemicals can pass through the skin and be taken into the body’s systems. • Solvents and pesticides are examples of compounds that can be absorbed through the skin.

44. Chemical Toxicity Toxicity: how poisonous are chemicals? • Dose - The effects of any toxic chemical depends on the amount of a chemical that actually enters the body. • Acute Toxicity - the measure of how toxic a chemical is in a single dose over a short period of time. • Chronic Toxicity – the measure of the toxicity of exposure to a chemical over a long period of time.

45. Chemical Toxicity Chronic Toxicity and Acute Toxicity Some chemicals will only make you sick if you get an ‘acute” or high dose all at once. Example - ammonia Some chemicals are mainly known for their chronic or long-term effects. Example - asbestos Most chemicals have both acute and chronic effects. Example – carbon monoxide

46. Chemical Toxicity Chemical Exposure Limits Many chemicals have exposure limits, or allowable amounts of a chemical in the air. These limits are often called “PELs” or “TLVs”. They are based on 8-hour average exposure or ceiling or peak levels. Levels must be kept below these limits for safety. PEL example: 100 parts per million

47. Toxic Chemicals Carcinogens Carcinogens are cancer-causing compounds. Some chemicals are known human carcinogens, others are only suspected as carcinogens. WISHA has regulations covering the general use of carcinogens, and has specific regulations for several known human carcinogens.

48. Toxic Chemicals Carcinogens • WISHA and OSHA have specific regulations on the following carcinogens: • Vinyl Chloride • Acrylonitrile • 1,2,-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) • Inorganic Arsenic • Ethylene Oxide • Cadmium • Butadiene • Methylene Chloride • Benzene

49. Toxic Chemicals Other Groups of Toxic Chemicals • Teratogens • Teratogens are compounds that can harm the developing fetus, causing birth defects or death. • Mutagens • Mutagens cause genetic mutations or changes. These mutations can cause birth defects or other problems in following generations or may lead to cancer in the exposed person.

50. Toxic Chemicals Other Groups of Toxic Chemicals • Sensitizers • Sensitizers can “switch on” a reaction in an individual worker. • The reaction to a sensitizer depends upon the individual worker. • Once a worker becomes sensitized to a compound, smaller and smaller exposures can cause a reaction, and the reactions can become more severe.