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Understanding the Circulatory System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Common Disorders

The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. It plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen and nutrients to body cells while removing carbon dioxide and metabolic waste. The heart, a muscular organ, pumps blood and is composed of three tissue layers: endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. This system also includes arteries, capillaries, and veins. Common diseases affecting the circulatory system include anemia, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. Understanding its function is vital for health.

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Understanding the Circulatory System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Common Disorders

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  1. Chapter 7 Anatomy and Physiology 7:8 Circulatory System

  2. 7:8 Circulatory System • Also known as the cardiovascular system • Consists of heart, blood vessels, blood • Transports oxygen and nutrients to all body cells • Transports carbon dioxide and metabolic materials away from the body cells

  3. Heart • Muscular, hollow organ functions as pump • Weight is less than one pound • Location • Three layers of tissue • Endocardium • Myocardium • Pericardium (continues)

  4. Heart (continued) • Septum • Heart chambers • Valves • Tricuspid • Pulmonary • Mitral • Aortic (continues)

  5. Heart (continued) • Cardiac cycle • Conductive pathways • Arrhythmias

  6. Blood Vessels • Blood is carried throughout the body in blood vessels • Arteries • Capillaries • Veins

  7. Blood • Average adult: 4–6 quarts • Transports many substances • Plasma • Blood cells • Erythrocytes or red blood cells • Leukocytes or white blood cells • Thrombocytes

  8. Diseases and Abnormal Conditions • Anemia • Aneurysm • Arteriosclerosis • Atherosclerosis • Congestive heart failure (CHF) • Embolus (continues)

  9. Diseases and Abnormal Conditions(continued) • Hemophilia • Hypertension • Leukemia • Myocardial infarction—heart attack • Phlebitis • Varicose veins

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