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Goal: To identify and differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Goal: To identify and differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. How did I do today? 4= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can explain it well enough to teach someone.

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Goal: To identify and differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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  1. Goal: To identify and differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. How did I do today? • 4= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can explain it well enough to teach someone. • 3= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and can explain most parts. • 2= I understand some parts of how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells but I still need some help. • 1= I am unsure of how to identify and tell the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and I am very confused.

  2. CELLS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE

  3. CELL DISCOVERY • ROBERT HOOKE (1665) -NAMED CELLS FROM LOOKING AT ONCE LIVING ORGANISMS (CORK). • ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1673) -1ST PERSON TO OBSERVE LIVING CELLS -MADE MICROSCOPES

  4. 150 YRS LATER CAME THE CELL THEORY • The concept was formally expressed in 1839 by Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann & Rudolf Virchow and has remained the foundation of modern biology. Below are the 3 parts to this theory. • All living organisms are made up of one or more cells. • Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism • Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells.

  5. ALL LIVING ORGANISMS SHARE THESE CHARACTERISTICS • Made of one or more cells • Use energy (i.E. Metabolism) • Maintain homeostasis • Grow • Reproduce • Heredity

  6. CELL FUNCTION • Activities of all organisms are due to the activities of their cells. • Major activities of cells are as follows: -metabolism -movement -secretion -absorption -growth -reproduction

  7. http://www.graylab.ac.uk/research/groups/tumour_microcirculation/images/fig_1_Dividing_cell.jpghttp://www.graylab.ac.uk/research/groups/tumour_microcirculation/images/fig_1_Dividing_cell.jpg http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03bio/logs/sept18/media/untreated_cell_600.jpg CELLS http://www.csulb.edu/depts/biology/media/cell751.gif http://squishycell.uchicago.edu/ana_cell.jpg

  8. What microscopic differences exist between living & non-living objects? Living organisms are composed of small units called cells. This distinguishes them from nonliving things.

  9. What sort of evidence would be needed to support the generalization that all organisms, including humans, are composed of cells? The tissues of a large number & variety of organisms would need to be observed under the microscope & found to be composed of cells.

  10. CELL DIVERSITY NOT ALL CELLS LOOK ALIKE, WHY? • Age of cells • Ability to obtain nutrients • Function • Certain environmental influences could increase or decrease cell size • Amount of stored materials • Ability to get rid of wastes…

  11. Come up with as many differences between these 2 cells as you can think of. Which one do you think came around 1st? Why?

  12. THERE ARE 2 CELL TYPES PROKARYOTIC CELLS AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS

  13. WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?? • Prokaryotic cells: • Are smaller • Have no membrane around organelles (such as the nucleus) • Have fewer organelles • Lacks a nucleolus • Usually has one circular chromosome containing dna. • Reproduce by the process of binary fission • Example: bacteria

  14. EUKARYOTIC CELLS • Are bigger • Have membranes around their organelles • Contains a nucleolus • Have more chromosomes • Have more organelles • Reproduce by the process of mitosis & meiosis • Examples: animal & plant cells; fungi and protists

  15. PROKARYOTE CELL EUKARYOTE CELL

  16. QUESTION #1 What type of cells do humans have?

  17. AND THE ANSWER IS… EUKARYOTIC

  18. QUESTION #2 IF YOU WERE LOOKING AT A CELL & OBSERVED THAT THE CELL HAD CHLOROPLAST, WHAT COULD YOU TELL ME ABOUT IT?

  19. AND THE ANSWER IS… THIS CELL IS A PLANT CELL, THEREFORE IT IS ALSO A EUKARYOTIC TYPE OF CELL.

  20. Goal: To identify and differentiate between plant and animal cells. How did I do today? • 4= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between plant and animal cells and can explain it well enough to teach someone. • 3= I understand how to identify and tell the differences between plant and animal cells and can explain most parts. • 2= I understand some parts of how to identify and tell the differences between plant and animal cells but I still need some help. • 1= I am unsure of how to identify and tell the differences between plant and animal cells and I am very confused.

  21. Did your observations reveal any consistent differences between plant & animal cells? If so, what are they? Plant cells appear to have a “fatter” border (cell wall). There are round green objects in the plant cell also (chloroplasts). Plant cells generally have larger open spaces that aren’t apparent in the animal cells.

  22. PLANT CELLS: Have chloroplasts Have a cell wall Large vacuole No centrioles NO LYSOSOMES (in most plants) ANIMAL CELLS: No chloroplast No cell wall Small vacuoles Have centrioles Have lysosomes DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS

  23. GROWTH OF ORGANISMS • GROWTH OF MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS IS DUE TO THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER AND SIZE OF CELLS. • SUBSTANCES ABSORBED FROM THE CELL’S ENVIRONMENT ARE ESSENTIAL TO CELL GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION.

  24. CELL DIVERSITY • NOT ALL CELLS LOOK ALIKE, WHY? • Not all cells have the same function -The human body contains 200 different cells Ex: blood cells, muscle cells, nerve cells, skin cells…

  25. ANIMAL PLANT

  26. VARIOUS CELLS…..CAN YOU TELL WHAT THEIR FUNCTIONS ARE??? Draw these in your Interactive NB. State what you think their function is & explain why based on their structure.

  27. EUKARYOTIC CELLS WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE ORGANELLES?

  28. CELL WALL • Protects the cell • Provides structure & support for the cell

  29. CELL MEMBRANE(Plasma Membrane) • Only allows certain things in & or out, so it is called selectively permeable.

  30. LYSOSOMES • Clean up crew; they contain digestive enzymes that break up molecules, old organelles, & foreign substances

  31. VACUOLE • Stores enzymes, metabolic waste, and water

  32. CHLOROPLASTS Converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy for the cell

  33. MITOCHONDRIA Transforms energy from organic compounds (food) into atp (chemical form of energy that the cell can use).

  34. GOLGI APPARATUS (Golgi Bodies) Gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex. It then takes those big molecules, packages them in vesicles, and either stores them for later use or sends them out of the cell.

  35. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Makes and transports lipids (fats) SMOOTH: ROUGH: Prepares proteins for export (leave the cell)

  36. CENTRIOLES They tell the organelles that are involved with cell division, where to go.

  37. NUCLEUS The control center of the cell Stores the heredity information in dna

  38. NUCLEAR ENVELOPE(Nuclear Membrane) Allows certain things in and or out of the nucleus

  39. CYTOPLASM SPACE Region of the cell between the nucleus and the cell membrane

  40. RIBOSOMES NUCLEUS VACUOLE ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (E.R) CHROMOSOMES CELL MEMBRANE GOLGI BODIES NUCLEAR ENEVLOPE NUCLEOLUS LYSOSOME CYTOPLASM CENTRIOLES SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (E.R.) MITOCHONDRIA ANIMAL CELL

  41. PLANT CELL Cytoplasm Cell Wall Cell Membrane Chromosome Vacuole Nucleus Rough ER Nucleolus Smooth ER Nuclear Envelope Ribosomes Chloroplast Golgi Bodies Mitochondria

  42. Cytoplasm Ribosomes Capsule Flagella Cell Wall Chromosome Cell Membrane PROKARYOTIC CELL

  43. ORGANELLES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS • Cell membrane • Cell wall • Lysosomes • Vacuole • Chloroplasts • Mitochondria • Ribosomes

  44. ORGANELLES CONTINUED • Endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi apparatus • Cytoplasm • Nucleus • Nuclear membrane • Nucleolus • Chromosomes • Centrioles

  45. What Cells Make Organic Compounds: is any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. Carbohydrates: energy rich compound made of O, C, H. Sugars and starches are carbs. • Important components of cellulose and cell membranes. Lipids: Fats, oils and waxes. • Cells store energy in lipids for future use. • Cell membranes mainly made of lipids.

  46. What Cells Make Proteins: Large molecules of C, H, O, & N, some cases S. • Made of smaller molecules called amino acids • 20 common amino acids can equal over 1 billion proteins. • Makes up parts of cell membrane and many organelles in a cell. • Enzyme: protein that speeds up chemical reaction in a living thing

  47. What Cells Make Nucleic Acid: Long, organic molecules of C, H, N, & P. • Contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life. Two kinds: • DNA – deoxyribonucleic acid. Genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. Found in chromatin in the nucleus • RNA – ribonucleic acid. Plays important role in production of proteins. Found in both cytoplasm and nucleus of cell.

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