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The Indian Subcontinent From Colony to Independence

The Indian Subcontinent From Colony to Independence. Indian National Congress—1885 Hindu dominated Muslim League—1906 Wanted separate seats in legislature. Rise of Nationalism. Positive Sanitation Health care Infrastructure—railroads, telephone, telegraph, dams, bridges

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The Indian Subcontinent From Colony to Independence

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  1. The Indian SubcontinentFrom Colony to Independence

  2. Indian National Congress—1885 Hindu dominated Muslim League—1906 Wanted separate seats in legislature Rise of Nationalism

  3. Positive Sanitation Health care Infrastructure—railroads, telephone, telegraph, dams, bridges End of local warfare Negative Political and economic power in British hands Restrictions on Indian owned industries Loss of self-sufficiency Cash crops=decrease in food production=famine Second class status Threats to traditional Indian way of life Effects of Imperialism

  4. Civil disobedience 1930—Salt March Demonstrators arrested 1935—Government of India Act Not complete independence 1942—Quit India Resolution Post WWII Britain weighs cost of maintaining colony Gandhi

  5. Muslims resist rule by Hindus Partition of India—10 million refugees result in 1 million dead Independence dividesIndia and Pakistan-1947

  6. Kashmir • UN ceasefire • Water resources vital to Pakistan

  7. Jawarlal Nehru • Follower of Gandhi. • 1st Prime Minister of India, 1947-1964. • Advocated Industrialization. • Neutrality during Cold War=Nonaligned Movement

  8. Non-Alignment Movement

  9. India’s “mixed economy” • The “mix” refers to private and public ownership. • Foreign aid and foreign investment are crucial. • Urban areas have high-tech companies. • Three quarters of the population are farmers living in small villages. • India's "Green Revolution" allowed farmers to triple their crop by using modern science and technology.

  10. India’s “Green Revolution” • Introducing higher-yielding varieties of seeds in 1965. • Increased use of fertilizers & irrigation. • GOAL make India self-sufficient in food grains.

  11. Indira Gandhi • Nehru’s daughter. • Prime Minister of India, 1966-1984. • Continues Nehru’s policies. • Faced corruption charges & internal rebellion. • Assassinated in 1984.

  12. India’s persecution of the Sikhs

  13. Major problems & Issues in India today • Overpopulation  1 billion & climbing. • Economic development. • Hindu-Muslim tensions. • Gender issues  dowry killings. • Caste bias  discrimination against untouchables continues. • The Kashmir dispute and nuclear weapons. • Political assassinations.

  14. Is the dream gone?

  15. Pakistan • Strong Islamic fundamentalism. • Impoverished. • Pakistan divided in 1972 • W. Pakistan = Pakistan • E. Pakistan = Bangladesh

  16. Benazir Bhutto • First Woman Prime Minister, 1988 • Twice elected and twice removed in 1990 and 1993 on corruption charges. • Self-imposed exile • Returned during elections in 2007 • Killed December 2007

  17. General Musharaff • Coup d’etat. • U.S. ally in the “War on Terror.” • Resigned August 2008

  18. Widower of Benazir Bhutto Elected as President-September 2008 Asif Ali Zardari

  19. Major problems & Issues in Pakistan today • Economic development. • Political instability/military dictatorship. • Hindu-Muslim tensions. • Gender issues  honor killings. • Terrorism. • The Kashmir dispute and nuclear weapons.

  20. The India-Pakistan Arms Race Heats Up in the Late 1990s

  21. Partners in the “War onTerror?”

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