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Understanding Particle Counting and Conversion in Chemistry

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gail
11 diapositives · 272 Views · Jul 29, 2014

Chapter 10.1 discusses the measurement of particles in chemistry, introducing units that represent specific quantities, such as pairs, dozens, and reams. It delves into the concept of a mole (abbreviated as "mol"), the SI base unit for substance measurement, defined by Avogadro's number (6.02 x 10^23). The chapter explains how to convert between moles and various representative particles, including atoms, molecules, and formula units, with practical examples and conversion factors, aiding students in grasping essential chemistry concepts.

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Understanding Particle Counting and Conversion in Chemistry
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  1. MEASURING MATTER Chapter 10.1

  2. COUNTING PARTICLES • Units exist that represent a specific number of items • PAIR = 2 (gloves, shoes, socks) • DOZEN = 12 (roses, eggs) • REAM = 500 (paper) • Appropriate for certain kinds of objects depending on the object’s size and function

  3. Particles in chemistry • Atom / Element (one kind of atom) • Na, Mg, Pb, C • Molecules(covalent compounds = nonmetals) • CH4, H2O, SO2, CO2, H2, O2, N2, Cl2 • Formula Units (ionic compounds) • MgCl2, NaCl, Al(OH)3, (NH4)2SO3

  4. Mole • SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance • Abbreviated as “mol” • Defined as the number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12. • A mole of anything contains 6.02 x 1023 representative particles (atoms, molecules or formula units) • Avogadro’s number = 6.02 x 1023

  5. Converting between moles and particles • Conversion factor: a ratio of equivalent values used to express the same quantity in different units • 1 mol representative particles = 6.02 x 1023 representative particles • Conversion factors:

  6. Particles X (Atoms, Molecules or Formula Units) mol X

  7. Converting between moles and particles • If you are converting from moles to particles, you would use this conversion factor: • How many molecules of H2O are there in 5 moles of H2O ? 6.02 x 1023 molecules 1 mol 5 mol H2O x = 3.01 x 1024 molecules H2O

  8. Converting between particles and moles • If you are converting from particles to moles, you would use this conversion factor: • How many moles of NaCl are in a sample that contains 3.25 x 1024 formula units of NaCl? 1 mol 6.02 x 1023 formula units 3.25 x 1024 formula units NaCl x = 5.4 molNaCl

  9. Remember! • Representative particles must be replaced by one of the following: • Atoms (individual elements) • Molecules (covalent compounds) • Formula Units (ionic compounds)

  10. TODAY’s Assignments – 3/12/13 • Chapter 10.1 • Page 323 - #1-4 • Page 324 - #5-6 • Page 324 - #7-11 • Show all work and conversion factors for each problem

  11. 1 mol 6.02 x 1023 formula units