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Minerals - Part II

Minerals - Part II. 7 Major mineral groups. Nature’s most common building block in rock forming minerals is the … Silica Tetrahedra SiO 4. 1) Silicate Minerals. Quartz is the second most abundant mineral on the earth’s crust

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Minerals - Part II

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  1. Minerals - Part II

  2. 7 Major mineral groups • Nature’s most common building block in rock forming minerals is the … • Silica Tetrahedra SiO4

  3. 1) Silicate Minerals Quartz is the second most abundant mineral on the earth’s crust (the most abundant element on the earth’s crust is therefore oxygen)

  4. Quartz is used for glass, jewelry and electronics

  5. Feldspars • Feldspar is the most abundant “family” of minerals on the earth’s crust. The various feldspar minerals make up over 60 percent of the crust. • (Aluminum ions replace silicon ions)

  6. Feldspars • Feldspar is used for ceramics (china) and glass

  7. Micas • Micas are soft silicates found in many rocks - micas most distinctive feature is that it has one cleavage surface – they are pearly and ‘flake’ easily

  8. Micas • Micas are used for electronic insulation

  9. Amphiboles • – complex type in the silica group where iron and magnesium have replaced a silica ion.

  10. Carbonates Carbonate mineral group is made up of compounds of one carbon and 3 oxygen atoms (CO3) joined with various metal ions

  11. Carbonates react with acid (HCl); calcite reacts strongly with acid, other carbonate minerals react only mildly with acid.

  12. Other Carbonate Minerals • Dolomite = CaMg(CO3)2 • Siderite = FeCO3

  13. Oxides Metal + oxygen = oxide • For example: Hematite = Fe2O3 Franklinite = (Zn,Mn,Fe)2+ (Fe,Mn)3+2O4

  14. Sulfides Metal + sulfur = sulfide • For Example: Pyrite = FeS2

  15. Sulfates Sulfur + 4 Oxygen atoms = Sulfate SO4 • For example: Barite = BaSO4

  16. Halites (Salts) Compounds of elements and chlorine, fluorine, iodine or bromine For example: table salt = NaCl, potassium salt = KCl

  17. Native Elements • Elements found uncombined with other elements, For example: gold silver copper sulfur diamond

  18. 7 Mineral Groups (in relative order of abundance) • Silicates – minerals that contain silicon & oxygen, and usually one more element • Carbonates – contains carbon w/3 oxygen atoms • Sulfates – contains sulfur w/four oxygen atoms • Halides – compounds of certain elements and chlorine, fluorine, iodine or bromine • Oxides – compounds of elements and oxygen (usually rust looking) • Sulfides – compounds of elements and sulfur • Native Elements – elements found uncombined w/other elements (copper, gold, etc…)

  19. Single chain silicates…

  20. End here

  21. Look familiar? Felspar… Microcline Distinguishing feature: the ‘laminae’ – little veins in the mineral

  22. Garnet Ca3Al2(SiO4)3

  23. Look familiar? • Hornblende: • striated appearance • hexagonal cross-section • Dark-dark green to black

  24. Look familiar? • Magnetite • magnetic

  25. Look familiar? • Olivine • Light to dark green • Really hard (6.5-7)

  26. Look familiar? • Franklinite • Stubby metallic crystals, usually in calcite

  27. Look familiar? • Zincite • red • vitreous • orange-yellow streak • Willmenite • green • strongly fluorescent green

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