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MINERALS PART II

MINERALS PART II. Agenda. Minerals Review Formation Sources Deposition Locations Acquisition - Mining Processing Uses Field Trips. Mineral Review. Definition (4 Parts) Properties Physical Chemical Characteristic/Diagnostic Groups. Mineral Formation. Mineral Formation.

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MINERALS PART II

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  1. MINERALSPART II

  2. Agenda • Minerals • Review • Formation • Sources • Deposition • Locations • Acquisition - Mining • Processing • Uses • Field Trips

  3. Mineral Review • Definition (4 Parts) • Properties • Physical • Chemical • Characteristic/Diagnostic • Groups

  4. Mineral Formation

  5. Mineral Formation • Mineral Paragenesis: Process of mineral formation and deposition. • Bowens Reaction Series • Continuous – (Feldspars) • Discontinuous

  6. Bowen’s Reaction Series • 2 Groups • Continuous Series • Discontinuous Series • New Minerals formed due to changes in temperature and pressure.

  7. f04_26_pg62 BOWENS REACTION SERIES f04_26_pg62

  8. t04_03_pg51 t04_03_pg51

  9. 2 Groups of Silicate Minerals • Felsic Minerals • Content: Silicon, Oxygen, Aluminum, Potassium, Sodium • Lighter Color • Greater Density • Low Temperature Formation • Mafic Minerals • Content: Iron, Magnesium, Calcium (Feromag) • Darker in Color • Smaller Density • High Temperature Formation

  10. Sources of Minerals

  11. Sources of Minerals • 3 Sources of Minerals • Juvenile Magma: Molten material below the surface (Basaltic Composition). • Remelted Crustal Material: (Granitic Composition) • Hydrothermal Fluids: Circulation of surface waters remove metals from host rocks and redeposit them.

  12. Mineral Deposition

  13. Mineral Deposition • Deposition Process • Movement of Molten Material or hydrothermal fluids. • Concentration and Deposition of Mineral Deposits

  14. Movement of Ore-Forming Fluids • Causes of movement: • High vapor pressures of volatile-rich fluids. • Pressures from mountain-building forces. • Joints, faults, volcanic tubes channeling the fluids.

  15. Concentration of Mineral Deposits • Direct Deposit - Minerals deposited in cavities and cracks near the source of the molten material. • Rock Replacement - Some types of rocks are susceptible to replacement by minerals – limestone & dolomite. • Oxidation & Secondary Enrichment – Changes due to exposure to the atmosphere and weathering processes.

  16. Mineral Locations

  17. Mineral Deposit Locations • http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1294/

  18. Mineral Acquisition“Mining”

  19. Mineral Acquisition • Ore: Rock containing economically mineable minerals. • Mineral deposits are not uniformly distributed in the Earth’s crust nor did they all form at the same time. • In certain regions, conditions were favorable for the concentration of useful minerals. • There regions are termed mineralogenetic provinces and they contain broadly similar types of deposits, or deposits with different mineral assemblages that appear to be genetically related.

  20. Mineral Acquisition • Preliminary Activities • Discovery of ore body. • Size estimation of ore body. • Define accessibility of ore body. • Define methods for removing ore body. • Define financial reward of ore body. • Profit • Technical Requirements • Risks/Liabilities

  21. Mineral Acquisition • Ore Acquisition • Ore Type • Placer Deposit • Lode Deposit • Surface • Open-pit mining • Strip Mining • Subsurface • Tunnels/Shafts • Leaching

  22. Mineral Processing

  23. Mineral Processing • Crush Material • Separate Ore from Waste (Tailings) • Concentrate Ores • Smelting (Melting) • Electrolytic Processing • Chemical Additions • Leaching • Ship processed minerals to manufacturers

  24. Mineral Uses

  25. Mineral Uses • Precious Metals and stones • Electronics • Building Materials • Tools • Insulators • Conductors

  26. Mineral Uses • http//www.nwma.org/education/Uses%20for%20Minerals.htm • http//www.scienceviews.com/geology/minerals.html • http//www.mii.org/commonminerals.php • http//webmineral.com/Alphabetical_Listing.shtml • http//www.webmineral.com/

  27. Mineral Field Trips

  28. Information Sources USGS CORP ENGINEERS Universities Mining Companies Parks & Recreation Locations Mines Quarries Road Cuts Rivers/Beaches/Creeks Mountains Equipment/Materials Hammer/Pick/Shovel/Chisel Protective Goggles Maps Collecting Bags Storage Containers Permits/Schedules Notebook Hand Lens Mineral ID Manuel Camera Compass Mineral Field Trips

  29. Mineral Field Trips • http://www.minerals.net/resource/finding.htm

  30. THE END

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