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Theories of Stress Chapter 1

Theories of Stress Chapter 1. Stress Cycle. Life 101. Effects of Coping. Attitude. Coping Skill. Definitions. Stressor- a stimulus with the potential for triggering Fight or Flight 4 categories (Social, Environmental, Psychological, Philosophical)

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Theories of Stress Chapter 1

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  1. Theories of StressChapter 1

  2. Stress Cycle Life 101 Effects of Coping Attitude Coping Skill

  3. Definitions • Stressor- a stimulus with the potential for triggering Fight or Flight 4 categories (Social, Environmental, Psychological, Philosophical) • Stress reactivity-Body changes to meet demands (F or F response) • Strains-Outcomes of stress reactivity and may be physical, psychological, or behavioral. (tension headache, phobias, addictions) • Stress- The wear and tear on the body when there is reactivity. Combination of a stressor, stress reactivity, and strain. • Homeostasis- The body’s balanced state • Eustress- Good stress • Distress- Bad Stress • Duration/Degree- • Duration= the amount of time our body’s physiology varies Degree=Condition or the amount of physiological variance

  4. Walter Cannon- Harvard Medical School • First to describe the effects of acute stress • Termed this stress reaction as the fight-or-flight response • A primitive response that quickly increases heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol

  5. Acute Alarm Reaction • Body prepares for fight or flight • Time of emergency • Heart pumps blood faster and with greater force • Blood pressure elevates abruptly • Lungs send more oxygen to muscles • Faster blood clotting

  6. Acute Alarm Reaction • Widening of the pupils to admit more light in order to heighten visual acuity and awareness • Increase in breathing rate • Endorphins released – decrease in body’s sensitivity to pain • Elevated blood sugar levels

  7. Hans Selye • Studied the effects of long-term (chronic) stress • Stress is- “The nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it” • Summarized his findings by proposing a three-phase process called the general adaptation syndrome • alarm reaction • stage of resistance • stage of exhaustion

  8. Other Influential Researchers • Simeons • Psychosomatic disease • Benson • Relaxation response • Vogt • Autogenic training • Jacobson • Progressive relaxation

  9. Stress Theory • Several theories explain the causes of stress: • Holmes and Rahe- Life events theory: stress occurs when the situation requires more resources than are available • Kobasa and colleagues- Hardiness theory: one’s attitude toward the events determines stress, not the event. • Social support theory: insufficient social support for responding to event

  10. Fight or flight response

  11. Is the glass half full or half empty? • A situation can be stressful or not -- it all depends on your perception of the event • A response to stress can be effective or not -- it depends on your resources and copingstrategies • Refer to table 1.2 (p.13)

  12. Relationship between stress and illness….

  13. Goals for Stress Management • Do not eliminate all stress • Use as a motivator for peak performance • Stress can be useful, stimulating, and welcome • Limit harmful effects • Limit the harmful effects of stress while maintaining life’s quality and vitality.

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